Eating behaviours

• what theory is food neophobia and taste aversion in?

  evolutionary explanation for food preferences
• how conducted the study on babies prefering sweet foods and salted cereal?

  HARRIS
• what study supports taste aversion as a part of the evolutionary explanation?

  Garcia

  made rats ill using sweetened water
• the role of learning in food preferences- AO1

  Social learning theory

  impacts of cultural- social norms, meat eating and culture/ learning
• what explanation does Brown and Ogden's research support?


  Learning explanation of food preferences - Child / Parent pairs

  (Body dissatisfaction, eating motivation and snacking habits )
• what is the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus known as? (neural and hormonal explanations)

  Ventromedial- Eating switch OFF

  Lateral - Eating switch ON
• where is ghrelin released from?

  Stomach
• where is leptin released from?

  fatty tissue
• -ve of neural and hormonal mechanisms?

  oversimplified- ignores role of Cholecystoskinn

  ignores the impact of social and cultural influences
• Biological explanation to ANOREXIA- AO1

  • genetic- Guisingers flee famine hypothesis
  • Neural- low serotonin- anxiety
• genetic explanation to ANOREXIA- biological - AO3

  +ve = holland's research - Twin studies

  -ve= expect more causes of men
• neural explanation to ANOREXIA- biological - AO3

  +ve= Kaye- used PET scans to measure serotonin function in anorexics

  found= distribances in function

  -ve= cannot establish cause and effect

  weight loss could produce the changes
• research support for family systems theory?

  Goldstein
• Research support for social learning theory in ANOREXIA?

  Ditmar- emme girl vs barbie

  Becker- media into FIJA
• what types of irrational beliefs are explained in cognitive theory for ANOREXIA?

  catastrophic thinking

  all or nothing thinking

  negative self labelling
• what is a -ve of cognitive explanation for ANOREXIA?

  doesnt explain the cause of faulty thinking
• what does FTO do? (biological explanation for OBESITY)

  regulates enzymes associated with obesity- increased Ghrelin
• what does MC4R do? (biological explanation for OBESITY)

  VARIATION- DOESNT produces enzymes working with leptin to stop eating
• what is disinhibition in terms of psychological explanation for obesity?

  vulnerable to environmental cues- low control over emotions

  results in comfort through eating
• what is a weakness of the neural and hormonal mechanism- EB

  homeostatic

  underplays the social and cultural influences

  oversimplify- valassi (highlights role of hormones)
• what is a physical symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?

  Amenorrhea-

  loss of menstruation
• Biological explanation for AN

  denial of starvation
• what did holland find? (Biological explanation for AN)

  Monozygotic twins- 56%

  Dizygotic twins- 5%
• what is a weakness of Biological explanation to AN?

  cause and effect
• what did Sternheim do? (cognitive- AN)

  catastrophizing interview techniques for anorexics
• What did Hay's do? (psychological- Obesity)

  healthy women showed restrained eating did not result in overeating
• what is a weakness of psychological obesity?

  fails to consider Anorexic behaviour
• what did seligman suggest about evolutionary food preferences?

  it is a biological preparedness
• what is a weakness of evolutionary explanation for food preferences?

  role of comtemporary food industry

  Nature vs nurture

  individual differences- suggests that preferences are not universal
• what does the psychological explanation to AN include?

  cognitive

  social learning theory

  family systems
• how does a positive interest and social suport help for success in dieting?

  meal preparation

  organising varied healthy diet

  group based social and practical support
• what did minuchi suggest about family systems impact on anorexia?

  lead to a lack of autonomy and control

  so child can only control their eating
• what is an example of failure for dieting?

  yoyo dieting- repetitive cycle of weight loss and weight gain

  unrealistic target of being skinny
• garcia's research onto taste aversion

  rat- sweetened water (conditioned stimuli)= taste aversion (conditioned response)
• WHAT IS A DEFINTION OF ENMESHMENT?

  Where an individual member of the family lacks a sense of individuality and personal identity.