CAVITE MUTINY

• What is mutiny?

  A revolt to oppose an organization
• When did the Cavite mutiny occur?

  20 January 1872
• Who were the main participants in the Cavite mutiny?

  Filipino military personnel and laborers
• What was the belief of the participants in the Cavite mutiny?

  It would lead to a national uprising
• What was the outcome of the Cavite mutiny?

  It was unsuccessful and many were executed
• Where is the marker for the Cavite mutiny located?

  Ramon Quijano Samonte Park, Cavite City
• What are the two perspectives on the Cavite mutiny?

  1. Spanish Version: A planned conspiracy
  2. Filipino Version: A response to injustice
• Who is Jose Montero y Vidal?

  A Spanish historian interpreting the mutiny
• What was Rafael Izquierdo known for?

  His "iron fist" type of government
• What did Montero and Izquierdo believe about the mutiny?

  It was a planned conspiracy among leaders
• What was the alleged signal for the attack during the mutiny?

  The firing of rockets from Intramuros
• What event coincided with the mutiny on 20 January 1872?

  The feast of the Virgin of Loreto
• What was the immediate response of Gov. Izquierdo to the mutiny?

  He ordered reinforcements to Cavite
• What were the main reasons for the mutiny according to Montero and Izquierdo?

  Abolition of worker privileges and propaganda
• What happened to the GOMBURZA on February 17, 1872?

  They were executed by court-martial
• Who was Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera?

  A Filipino physician and historian
• How did Tavera view the Cavite mutiny?

  As a response to injustice by the government
• What did Tavera blame for the dissatisfaction leading to the mutiny?

  Gov. Izquierdo's cold-blooded policies
• What did the Central Government in Madrid do regarding the friars?

  Deprived them of powers in civil matters
• What was the purpose of the educational decree by Segismundo Moret?

  To improve education standards in the Philippines
• How did the friars react to the Cavite mutiny?

  They exaggerated it as a vast conspiracy
• What did the French writer Edmund Plauchut confirm about the mutiny?

  It was due to discontent among workers
• What are the unvarying truths about the Cavite mutiny?

  1. Dissatisfaction among workers due to lost privileges
  2. Strict policies by Gen. Izquierdo
  3. Lack of investigation by the Central Government
  4. Decline of friars' power in 1872
  5. Participation of Filipino clergy in secularization
  6. Filipinos responded to perceived injustices
  7. Execution of GOMBURZA inspired calls for reforms
• Who were the GOMBURZA?

  Three martyr priests executed after the mutiny
• What does secularization mean in the Philippine context?

  Nationalizing the Catholic Church with native priests
• Who spearheaded the secularization movement?

  Padre Pedro Peláez y Sebastián
• Mutiny of 1872 - is a revolt among a group of people to oppose, change, or overthrow an organization to which they were previously obedient.

  The Cavite mutiny (Spanish: El Mótin de Cavite) of 1872 was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite on 20 January 1872. Around 200 locally recruited colonial troops and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the participants and began to crack downon a growing Philippine nationalist movement.
• The MARKER :

  Located at: Ramon Quijano Samonte Park, Cavite City, Cavite
• TWO FACES OF THE CAVITE MUTINY

  1. Spanish Version: A Planned Conspiracy

  2. Filipino Version: A Response to Injustice
• Jose Montero Y Vidal - is a spanish historian, who interpreted that the Mutiny was an attempt to remove and overthrow the Spanish Colonizers in the Philippines.
• Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo/ Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez was a Spanish Military Officer, Politician, and Statesman. He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from April 4, 1871 to January 8, 1873. Famous for his "iron first" type of Government.
• The two Spaniards deemed that the event of 1872 was planned earlier and was thought of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, · mestizos, abogadillos, residents of Manila and Cavite and the native clergy.
• They suggested that the conspirators of Manila and Cavite planned to kill high-ranking Spanish officers to be followed by the massacre of the friars.
• The alleged pre-concerted signal among the conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the firing of rockets from the walls of Intramuros
• · According to the accounts of the two, on 20 January 1872, the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto.
• Unfortunately, the participants to the feast celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays.
• Those in Cavite mistook the fireworks as the sign for the attack, and just like what was agreed upon, the 200 men headed by Sergeant Fernando La Madrid launched an attack targeting Spanish officers at sight and seized the arsenal in Fort San Felipe.
• When the news reached Gov. Izquierdo, he readily ordered the reinforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt.
• The “revolution” was easily siezed when the expected reinforcement from Manila did not come ashore. Major instigators including Sergeant La Madrid were killed in the skirmish
• Both Montero and Izquierdo scored out that the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-payment of tributes and exemption from force labor were the main reasons of the “revolution” as how they called it