Movement of particles

• What is diffusion?

  Movement of particles from high to low concentration
• Why do particles diffuse?

  It's their natural tendency to spread out
• What happens when potassium manganate(VII) is added to water?

  • Purple color spreads throughout the water
  • Particles diffuse among water particles
  • Random motion causes even distribution
• What is the effect of adding more water to the potassium manganate(VII) solution?

  The solution becomes less purple due to dilution
• What is bromine gas's appearance and smell?

  Brown color and strong smell
• What happens when the glass plate is removed in the bromine gas experiment?

  Bromine gas diffuses through the air
• How does the random motion of particles affect diffusion?

  It allows gases to mix evenly over time
• What should you know about particle movement in diffusion experiments?

  • Particles move randomly
  • Movement leads to spreading out
  • Helps explain experimental results
• What is the purpose of the potassium manganate(VII) experiment?

  To demonstrate diffusion in liquids
• What color is potassium manganate(VII)?

  Light purple
• What is the product formed when ammonia and hydrochloric acid react?

  Ammonium chloride
• How does the size of ammonia particles affect their diffusion rate?

  Smaller particles diffuse more quickly
• What is the significance of the random motion of particles in diffusion?

  It leads to the mixing of substances
• What is the main observation in the bromine gas diffusion experiment?

  Bromine gas diffuses through the air
• What does the term 'dilution' refer to in the context of potassium manganate(VII)?


  Spreading particles further apart in solution
• How does the diffusion of bromine gas illustrate the concept of particle movement?

  It shows how gases mix due to random motion
• What is the purpose of the experiments mentioned in the text?

  To observe diffusion in different substances
• What is the role of the glass plate in the bromine gas experiment?

  It separates bromine gas from air
• How does the experiment with ammonia and hydrochloric acid demonstrate diffusion?

  It shows gas particles moving and reacting
• What is the visual result of the ammonia and hydrochloric acid experiment?

  A white ring of ammonium chloride
• Why is potassium manganate(VII) chosen for the diffusion experiment?

  It has a distinct light purple color
• What can be concluded about the speed of diffusion based on the experiments?

  Smaller particles diffuse faster than larger ones