policies

• What does educational policy refer to in the UK?

  Plans and strategies introduced by government
• What issues does educational policy in the UK respond to?

  Equal opportunities, selection, and control of education
• How do different governments in the UK approach educational policy?

  They have varying views on necessary actions
• What was the state of education in the UK before the 1870s?

  Most people were uneducated and no state schools existed
• Who primarily received education before the 1870s?

  The rich and powerful, like the aristocracy
• What significant change occurred in 1870 regarding education?

  The Foster Education Act introduced elementary education
• What age group was targeted by the Foster Education Act?

  Children aged 5 to 10 years
• When was attendance made compulsory in the UK education system?

  In 1880
• What subjects were included in the basic curriculum after the Foster Education Act?

  Reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion
• What was the next major milestone in UK education after the Foster Education Act?

  The Butler Education Act in 1940
• What did the Butler Education Act introduce?

  Free education for all between 5 and 15 years
• What was the aim of the Butler Education Act?

  To provide equality of educational opportunity
• What was the tripartite system introduced by the Butler Education Act?

  A system with grammar, secondary modern, and technical schools
• What determined the type of school a student would attend in the tripartite system?

  The outcome of the 11 plus test
• How did grammar schools differ from secondary modern schools?

  Grammar schools provided an academic education
• What was the social background of students in grammar schools?

  They tended to come from middle-class backgrounds
• What was the main criticism of the tripartite system?

  It reproduced class and gender inequalities
• What significant change occurred in 1965 regarding the education system?

  The comprehensive system was implemented
• What was the goal of the comprehensive system?

  To overcome the class divide in education
• What did the comprehensive system abolish?

  The 11 plus exam and grammar schools
• What was the role of local education authorities (LEAs) in the comprehensive system?

  To oversee all schools in their borough
• What did Ford's findings reveal about social mixing in comprehensive schools?

  There was little mixing due to streaming
• How do functionalists view the comprehensive system?

  As a way to increase social solidarity
• What do Marxists argue about the comprehensive system?

  It does not challenge streaming and labeling
• What significant educational reform occurred in 1988?

  The Educational Reform Act was introduced
• What was the aim of the Educational Reform Act?

  To introduce market principles into education
• What is 'parentocracy' in the context of UK education?

  Parents making decisions for their children's education
• What are league tables and Ofsted reports used for?

  To inform parents about school performance
• What is 'cream skimming' in the context of marketization?

  Attracting the best students to a school
• What does 'silt shifting' refer to in education?

  Removing less desirable students from schools
• How does the funding formula affect schools?

  Popular schools receive more funds and resources
• What did the Institute for Public Policy Research find about competition in education?

  It produces more segregation among social backgrounds
• What policies did the New Labour government introduce from 1997 to 2010?

  Education Action Zones and Maintenance Allowance
• What was Tony Blair's famous quote regarding education?

  Education, education, education
• What contradiction did critics find in New Labour's policies?

  Commitment to marketization while tackling inequality
• What was the Coalition government's approach to education from 2010 to 2015?

  Promoting excellence while reducing state control
• What are free schools in the UK education system?

  Schools funded by the state but run by others
• What negative impact did free schools have according to Rebecca Allen?

  Educational standards fell and rankings declined
• What is the pupil premium?

  Extra funding for schools with disadvantaged students
• What was the impact of the Coalition's austerity program on education?

  Increased university tuition fees and funding cuts