1.5 Genetic Engineering

• What is the main purpose of genetic engineering?

  To transfer genetic information between cells
• What are the stages of genetic engineering?

  1. Identify DNA section with required gene
  2. Extract required gene
  3. Extract plasmid from bacterial cell
  4. Insert gene into bacterial plasmid
  5. Insert plasmid into host bacterial cell
  6. Produce genetically modified organism
• What role do enzymes play in genetic engineering?

  They cut and seal DNA
• How do some simple organisms transfer DNA naturally?

  They transfer DNA without human input
• Why is DNA transfer important for bacteria?

  It allows sharing of traits like antibiotic resistance
• What is identical in all living things?

  The structure of DNA
• What is the significance of protein synthesis at the ribosome?

  It allows DNA transfer between organisms
• What can humans achieve through genetic engineering?

  Produce proteins not normally made
• What are examples of proteins produced through genetic engineering?

  Human insulin and growth hormone
• How do scientists use bacteria in genetic engineering?

  To produce proteins quickly
• What happens to proteins produced by genetically modified bacteria?

  They can be isolated for human treatment