LIDC case study: Gambia

• What is a poverty trap related to population in Gambia?

  Poverty trap 1: youthful populations
• What is a poverty trap related to cash crops in Gambia?

  Poverty trap 2: reliance on cash crops
• What is a poverty trap related to education in Gambia?

  Poverty trap 3: high levels of illiteracy
• How does corruption affect fertility rates in Gambia?

  Corruption keeps fertility rates high
• Why is fertility in Gambia high?

  Due to lack of access to contraception
• What societal structure contributes to high fertility in Gambia?

  Patriarchal society and traditional Islam
• What challenges does a rapidly growing population create in Gambia?

  Strain on education and healthcare services
• What is the primary employer in Gambia's economy?

  Agriculture employs 75% of the population
• What percentage of Gambia's GDP does agriculture contribute?

  Agriculture contributes 21% of GDP
• What is the second highest employer in Gambia?

  Manufacturing is the second highest employer
• What percentage of Gambia's GDP does manufacturing contribute?

  Manufacturing contributes 16% of GDP
• What is the lowest employer sector in Gambia?

  Services is the lowest employer
• What percentage of Gambia's GDP does the services sector contribute?

  Services contribute 63% of GDP
• Why has Gambia's bureaucratic system failed?

  Due to high levels of government corruption
• How did President Jammeh secure his third term?

  By manipulating voter registration and campaign periods
• What is the penalty for criticizing government officials online in Gambia?

  Up to 5 years in jail and $82,000 fines
• What is the "Back Way" in Gambia?

  A journey migrants take to Europe
• Who typically uses the "Back Way" route?

  Young adults and economic migrants
• How do migrants afford the journey on the "Back Way"?

  Through savings, loans, and community fundraising
• What challenges do migrants face on the "Back Way" journey?

  Smugglers, crime groups, and environmental conditions
• What are common expectations of migrants heading to Europe?

  Better living conditions and economic opportunities
• What is a consequence of migration for many Gambians in Europe?

  Many are deported back to Gambia
• What is the impact of brain drain on Gambia?

  Loss of doctors and nurses affects healthcare
• What are the main destinations for Gambian emigrants?

  UK, USA, and Canada
• What is the significance of remittances for Gambia?

  Remittances make up 20% of GDP
• What percentage of remittances come from high-skilled emigrants?

  3/5 of remittances come from high-skilled emigrants
• What is the impact of remittances on local communities in Gambia?

  Improves housing, food, and education
• How many economic migrants come from Senegal to Gambia?

  20,000 economic migrants from Senegal
• How many refugees come from Senegal to Gambia?

  15,000 refugees from Senegal
• How many migrants come from Guinea to Gambia?

  125,000 migrants from Guinea
• How many migrants come from Mali to Gambia?

  5,500 migrants from Mali
• How many migrants come from Nigeria to Gambia?

  1,000 migrants from Nigeria
• What are the challenges of emigration for Gambian emigrants?

  Crossing deserts and funding the journey
• Why are remittances localized in Gambia?

  Remittances are too localized to impact poverty
• What is the impact of high-skilled emigration on Gambia's economy?

  It leads to a brain drain and low development
• What is the significance of intra-regional migration for Gambia?

  It helps avoid the "Back Way" journey
• What are the challenges of immigration for Gambia?

  Brain drain and loss of skilled workers
• What is the role of ECOWAS in migration?

  ECOWAS encourages regional integration and movement
• What is the impact of high dependency ratios in Gambia?

  It strains government services and resources
• How does the lack of female education affect fertility rates in Gambia?

  It leads to larger families and high fertility