9 - Specialty Areas

• What are common causes of musculoskeletal injuries?

  Athletic participation, work-related injuries
• What symptoms may patients report from musculoskeletal stress?

  Pain, swelling, weakness, or loss of motion
• What types of tissues can be damaged in the musculoskeletal system?

  Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage
• What are the types of overuse injuries?

  • Bursitis
  • Tendinopathy
  • Nerve entrapment
• What are the two categories of neuromuscular conditions?

  Inherited or acquired
• What can acquired neuromuscular conditions result from?

  Trauma, infection, or aging process
• Name an inherited neuromuscular condition.

  Friedreich’s ataxia
• What is a common traumatic injury?

  Ligament sprain
• What are examples of surgical conditions in neuromuscular injuries?

  • Total joint arthroplasty
  • Amputation
• What type of injuries can result from motor vehicle accidents?

  Spinal cord injuries and brain injuries
• What are common conditions in neuromuscular injuries?

  • Stroke (CVA)
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI)
  • Vestibular disorders
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• What are ischemic conditions related to cardiovascular health?

  Insufficient blood flow causing inadequate oxygenation
• What is a common ischemic condition?

  Coronary heart disease (CHD)
• What does cardiac muscle dysfunction refer to?

  Pathologic conditions associated with heart failure
• What are examples of cardiac muscle dysfunction?

  • Myocardial infarction (MI)
  • Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• How are pulmonary diseases classified?

  As obstructive or restrictive lung disease
• What characterizes obstructive lung disease?

  Abnormal airflow through bronchial tubes
• What is a common condition of obstructive lung disease?

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• What are the symptoms of COPD?

  • Chronic productive cough
  • Excessive mucus production
  • Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
• What causes restrictive lung disease?

  Chronic inhalation of pollutants or infections
• What are common integumentary conditions?

  • Pressure ulcers
  • Wounds (abrasions, lacerations)
  • Dermatitis
  • Skin cancer
• What can cause neural tube defects?

  Spina bifida and anencephaly
• What are examples of developmental disorders in pediatrics?

  • Autism
  • Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
• What are common orthopedic disorders in pediatrics?

  • Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)
  • Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
  • Scoliosis
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
• What are common geriatric conditions?

  Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis
• What neurologic conditions are common in geriatrics?

  Parkinson disease and cerebrovascular accident