haemoglobin

• how many O2’s can hemoglobin molecules transport

  4
• what does oxygen binding occur in response to?

  High PO2 in lungs (alveoli)
• What is 100% saturated hemoglobin


  4 O2s bound to hemoglobin
• What is partially saturated?


  Fewer O2s
• When oxygen binds to hemoglobin it forms


  oxyhemoglobin
• Hemoglobin that is not bound to oxygen is


  Deoxyhemoglobin
• partial pressure at muscle sites


  partial pressure is low at muscle

  release oxygen to dissociate
• what is dissociation?


  Oxygen unloading from hemoglobin
• Myglobin

  Once oxygen is dissociated from hemoglobin in the muscles, it is picked up and transported to the mitochondria by myglobin - muscle cells
• What does the binding of CO2 to hemoglobin depend on


  The PO2 in the blood

  The bonding strength

  Affinity between hemoglobin and O2
• Factors affecting hemoglobin saturation

  Decrease in blood acidity

  Increase in blood temperature

  Increase in partial pressure of CO2 concentration
• What do these conditions do to hemoglobin?

  Decrease for O2 and release more O2 to active muscle cells
• what happens when exercising to acidity?


  There is an increase
• What does increase of acidity cause?


  bohr shift
• what is the bohr shift


  A move in the oxyhemoglobin associated curve to the right caused by an acidity in the
• Bohr shift 2


  Increase in the blood, which in an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood lowering pH
• Effects of bohr shift

  Increase in blood and muscle temperature

  Increase in PP of CO2

  Increase in production of lactic acid and carbonic acid