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controlling blood glucose
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Julia K
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Cards (32)
What do alpha and beta cells contain to manufacture protein hormones?
Many
ribosomes
and rough endoplasmic reticulum
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What is the role of Golgi apparatus in alpha and beta cells?
Packaging
hormones
into vesicles
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How are hormones secreted from alpha and beta cells?
Via
exocytosis
from
secretory vesicles
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Why do alpha and beta cells contain many mitochondria?
For
ATP
production due to high activity
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What is the normal blood glucose concentration range?
About 90
mg
per 100
cm³
of blood
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What happens if blood glucose concentration is too high?
It is
excreted
in urine
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What actions occur when blood glucose concentration rises after a meal?
Beta cells
detect rise and secrete
insulin
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What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?
Inhibits
alpha cells
and promotes
glucose uptake
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What happens when insulin binds to target cells?
Vesicles
with glucose transport proteins fuse
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What do target cells do with glucose after uptake?
Convert it to
glycogen
or fats
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What occurs when blood glucose concentration is too low?
Alpha cells
secrete
glucagon
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What does glucagon stimulate in hepatocytes?
Conversion of
glycogen
into
glucose
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How does glucose enter the blood from hepatocytes?
By
diffusing
out of hepatocytes
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What do cells use for respiration when glucose is low?
Fatty acids
and
amino acids
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What are cells specialized for detection of stimuli called?
Receptors
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What do receptors do?
Convert one form of energy into another
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What are Pacinian corpuscles?
Pressure
receptors found in the skin
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What energy conversion occurs in Pacinian corpuscles?
Mechanical energy into
electrical energy
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How does the deformation of the plasma membrane affect Pacinian corpuscles?
Increases permeability to
sodium ions
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How do action potentials convey information about stimulus strength?
Through
frequency
of action potentials
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What are hormones?
Signalling molecules
secreted
by glands
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How do hormones affect target cells?
Only affect cells with
complementary receptors
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What is an exocrine gland?
A gland that secretes substances into
ducts
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Where are adrenal glands located?
Above the
kidneys
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What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Adrenaline
in response to stress
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What is the role of the adrenal cortex?
Produces
mineralocorticoids
and
glucocorticoids
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What does aldosterone control in the body?
Concentration
of
sodium
and
potassium ions
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What do glucocorticoids like cortisol do?
Stimulate an increase in blood glucose
concentration
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What are the two functions of the pancreas?
Endocrine
and
exocrine
functions
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What is the endocrine function of the Islets of Langerhans?
Secreting
insulin
and
glucagon
into blood
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What digestive enzymes does the pancreas secrete?
Amylase
,
trypsin
, and
lipase
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How does the pancreas deliver digestive enzymes?
Via the
pancreatic tract
to the
duodenum
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