Food and nutrition

• What is the autoimmune disease triggered by the protein gluten?


  Coeliac disease.
• What are the most common foods that causes an allergic reaction?


  Eggs, nuts, seeds, peanuts, soya, certain artificial colours, flavours or preservatives.
• If somebody with coeliac disease consumes something containing gluten, what does the gluten do to them?


  The gluten will damage the lining of the intestine and prevents nutrients from being absorbed.
• What is the current medical treatment for people with coeliac disease?


  It is to have a gluten free diet.
• What is gluten found in? (2)


  Gluten is found in wheat, rye and barley, therefore found in foods such as bread, pasta, pizza, cakes and biscuits.
• What are the main symptoms that people who have coeliac disease get?


  Weight loss, diarrhoea and can often become anemic.
• What does it mean if someone is lactose intolerant?


  It means that they can't digest the milk sugar lactose.
• What do people with a lactose intolerance need to avoid?


  Milk and any other dairy products.
• Give three examples of milk alternatives for people with a lactose intolerance.


  Soya milk, almond milk, rice milk, coconut milk, oat milk, cashew milk.
• What are the symptoms for people who have a lactose intolerance?


  Bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea.
• Is is the law for all products to be listed on food packaging?


  Yes, as more and more allergies and intolerance's are occurring.
• What is the difference between an allergy and an intolerance?


  Allergies can often be more life threatening and cause damage to organs, but an intolerance is most likely less serious and is often limited to digestive problems.
• What are different factors that influence the amount of nutrients you need?


  Age, lifestyle and stage of life.
• What are Macronutrients? Give examples.


  Nutrients that are needed by the body in large quantities and form the bulk of our diet, such as fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
• What are Micronutrients? Give examples.


  They are found in food and are vital to health, but required in very small quantities, e.g. vitamins and minerals.
• What is the recommended amount of fibre for a 1-5 year old?


  15 g/day
• What age group is it recommended to have 20 g/day of fibre?


  5-11 year olds.
• What is the recommended amount of fibre for a 11-16 year old?


  25 g/day.
• What does DRVs stand for?


  Dietary reference values.
• What does EARs stand for?


  Estimated Average Requirements.
• What does RNIs stand for?


  Reference nutrient intakes.
• What does LRNIs stand for?


  Lower Reference Nutrient Intakes.
• What is the recommended amount of fibre per day for someone who is 17 or above?


  30 g/day
• What is the maximum salt intake a day for a 0-6 months old?


  <1g /day
• Which age group should have a maximum amount of salt of 1 g/day?


  6-12 months old.
• Vitamins are what type of nutrient?


  Micronutrients, as they are only needed in small quantities.
• What are vitamins?


  Natural substances found in foods and they do different jobs in the diet.
• What do vitamins and minerals not provide?


  They don't provide energy.
• What is the chemical name for vitamin C?


  Ascorbic acid.
• What are the two groups that vitamins are divided into?


  Fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins.
• What are the functions of vitamin A? (3)


  Vitamin A (Retinol/Beta carotene) is used for growth and development, keeps the lining of the throat, digestive system and lungs moist and free from infection, keeps the eyes healthy and improves night vision.
• What is beta carotene?


  An anti - oxidant vitamin found in vitamin A which might protect against cancer.
• What happens with a vitamin A deficiency?(4)


  Children don't grow properly, it makes it difficult for the body to fight infection, if long term can lead to blindness, may lead to liver and bone damage.
• What is a food source of retinol (vitamin A) ? List 4.


  Liver, oily fish, eggs, milk, cheese and butter, margarine.
• What is a food source of beta carotene (found in vitamin A) ? Give 2 examples.


  Red, green, orange vegetables and fruits, especially carrots.
• What is the chemical name for Vitamin D?


  Cholecalciferol.
• What is the function of vitamin D?


  It works with calcium to build and maintain strong bones and teeth.
• What happens if you have a vitamin D deficiency? (2)


  In children it can cause rickets, in adults it is called osteomalacia. It can also cause osteoporosis.
• What is the chemical name for vitamin E?


  Tocopherol.
• Where is vitamin D found? (2)


  In dairy products, oily fish, liver and cereals. Also by exposure to sunlight.