extracting metals

• What is displacement?


  A more reactive metal will replace a less reactive metal in a compound
• What happens to the difficulty of extracting metals as the reactivity increases?


  It increases
• What are the 2 methods of extraction?


  Electrolysis

  Reduction
• What must a metal be more reactive than to be extracted via electrolysis?


  Carbon
• What must the metal be to be reduced?


  More then hydrogen

  Less than carbon
• Do native metals need to be extracted?


  No
• What does the Thermite reaction produce?


  White hot molten iron
• What can the Thermite reaction be used for?

  Welding train tracks
• What is the word equation for the thermite reaction?


  Aluminium + Iron oxide -> Iron + Aluminum oxide
• What is an example of displacement? 


  The iron nail
• What are the observations during the iron nail practical?


  Blue colour: Copper chloride fades

  Red/Brown solid: forms at the bottom
• In the specified practice what 4 metals are used (most to least reactive)?


  Magnesium

  Zinc

  Iron

  Copper
• What can be used to reduce metals?


  Carbon
• Why is carbon the most popular way to extract metals?


  More reactive then some metals and it is cheap and readily available
• What is reduction?


  Loss of oxygen
• What is oxidation?


  Gain of oxygen
• What is oxidised in a reaction between copper oxide and carbon?


  Carbon
• What is reduced in a reaction between copper oxide and carbon?


  Copper oxide
• What is the word equation for the reaction between copper oxide and carbon?

  Copper oxide + Carbon -> Carbon dioxide + Copper
• What are the 4 raw materials that go into a blast furnace?


  Limestone

  Coke/Carbon

  Hot air/Oxygen

  Iron ore
• What is the role of limestone in the blast furnace?


  Remove acidic impurities to produce slag
• What is the role of coke in the blast furnace?


  Acts as a fuel to melt the iron ore
• What reduces iron oxide in the blast furnace?


  Carbon MONOXIDE
• Why is the blast furnace s continuous process?


  Too expensive and uses a lot of energy
• Where do blast furnaces need to be situated?


  Near coast- import raw materials

  Near roads/railways- transport

  Near town/city- housing for workers

  Away from built up areas- noise and pollution
• What is the overall equation for the blast furnace?


  Iron oxide + Carbon -> Carbon dioxide + Iron
• What is the equation for step one?


  Carbon + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide
• What is the word equation for step 2?

  Carbon dioxide + Carbon -> Carbon monoxide
• What is the word equation for step 3?

  Carbon monoxide + iron oxide -> Iron + Carbon dioxide
• What is the chemical name for iron oxide?


  Haematite
• What is the chemical name for molten slag?


  Calcium silicate
• Why must the ionic substance be dissolved in water?


  Ions are free to move
• How many electrodes are in electrolysis?


  2
• What is the negative electrode called?

  CATHODE
• What is the positive electrode called?


  ANODE
• What is the ionic symbol for lead?


  Pb2+
• Why are negative ions attracted to the positive electrode and positive ions attracted to the negative electrodes?


  Opposite charges attract
• How do ions lose their charge?

  Gain or lose electrons
• What typical substance is used in electrolysis?


  Lead Bromide
• Why do the ANODE’s gradually burn away?


  Oxygen gas reacts with carbon which forms CO2