prelim

• Conditions in the trenches

  mud

  trench foot

  lice

  rats

  noise

  awful smell
• describe mud

  Mud was often waist high in the trenches.

  Men had to live and fight in these tough conditions.
• Describe trench foot


  Soldiers got trench foot from standing in cold, wet conditions.

  Their feet could swell up to 2-3 times the size, get infected, or even require amputation
• Describe lice


  Men on the front line rarely washed so lice were common.

  They spread lots of disease.
• Describe rats


  Rats fed on soldiers rations & their dead bodies .

  They could grow to the size of small dogs.

  They spread disease.
• Describe noise


  Due to constant bombardment, gun shots, and more soldiers had to cope with a great deal of noise.

  The amount of noise led to men losing hearing for a few hours, days or even becoming permanently deaf.
• describe smell


  Trenches were filled with human waste, food and dead bodies which created awful smells.
• Why did men join the war

  Patriotism

  Pal's battalions

  Travel

  Peer pressure

  Propaganda

  Employment
• Describe patriotism


  Scots had strong martial tradition and wanted to uphold their reputation.

  People wanted to serve their king and country.
• Describe Pal's battalions


  Men could join with friends and family which gave them a sense of comfort, safety, and confidence.

  When 13 Hearts of Midlothian players joined McCrae's battalion 600 followers joined up.
• Describe travel


  People wanted to join up for adventure, to travel the world.
• Describe peer pressure


  Men were pressured by family & friends and they didn't want to ashame anyone.

  The white feather campaign pressured men.
• Describe Propaganda


  Posters were created that:

  made men feel guilty for not joining up

  displayed german atrocities which made men want to join up

  made war seem exciting
• Describe employment


  Helped men escape poverty.

  Offered them food, clothes and a wage.

  Get better wage.
• Women's contribution to the war effort

  Nurses on the western front

  Working in hospitals at home

  Postwomen

  Munitions workers

  Bus & train conductors

  Textile factories

  Women's land army (WLA)
• Describe nurses on the western front


  Nurses went to help with first aid on the western front, e.g. Mairi Chrisholm worked as a nurse on the front line.
• Describe working in hospitals on the home front


  Working in hospitals at home helping civillians and wounded soldiers that returned home e.g. Elsie Inglis
• Describe women as postwomen


  Responsible for safe deliveries between home and western front
• Describe women as munitions workers


  Took on dangerous jobs in munitions factories making explosives, this could result in severe injury or even death.
• Describe women as bus and train conductors


  Helped continue ensuring people go to work safely to help the war effort
• Describe women working in textiles factories


  They provided a large number of uniforms for soldiers very quickly
• Describe women's land army (WLA)


  Created in 1915

  Women volunteered to work on farms due to so many men having to go to the western front and leaving a shortage of skilled farmers.
• Negative impacts of suffragettes

  Violent tactics

  Breaking shop windows

  Political meetings

  Unpatriotic

  Attacking MPs

  Emily Davison

  Nuisance

  set fires
• Describe violent tactics


  Led to many feeling women were unfit to vote due to their emotional outbursts
• Describe breaking shop windows


  This pushed away the possibility of potential supporters
• Describe political meetings


  Suffragettes often interrupted political meetings which annoyed politicians, causing problems in gaining support for the women's vote.
• Describe women's patriotism


  Some suffragettes did not support the war effort and were seen as unpatriotic.
• Describe attacking MPs


  Made the public feel as if suffragettes were immature and not prepared for the vote
• Describe Emily Davison


  Jumping infront of the King's horse caused public outrage that they would allow such a thing and lost support.
• Describe nuisance


  Seen as annoying by chaining themselves to buildings
• Describe Setting fires


  Used to light up post boxes, and race courses which made many of the public oppose them
• Conditions in slave factories

  examined by surgeon

  poor diet

  sexual assault

  punishment cells

  no sanitation

  shackled

  whipped
• Describe surgeon examination 


  Slaves were examined by surgeons to be deemed fit for selling.
• Describe poor diet in slave factories


  The slaves were fed little food to sustain them whilst keeping them docile and easy to control
• Describe sexual abuse in slave factories


  Women were often sexually assaulted and physically abused by guards in the factories
• Describe punishment cells


  Captives were kept in punishment cells if they tried to rebel against the guards in factories
• Describe sanitation in slave factories


  Slaves often had to live amongst vomit and human waste
• Describe shackles in slave factories


  Captives were usually kept in shackles in factories to be kept under control
• Describe punishments for captives


  Captives were often whipped or faced other forms of punishment if they did something wrong
• Why were slave revolts mostly unsuccessful

  Language barrier

  Weakness

  Public execution

  Threats to split up families

  Lack of energy

  Branded

  Bounty hunters

  Troops