Structuralism

• What are the two main themes in sociological theory?

  The extent of consensus and conflict in society, and the problem of determinism and choice.
• How is social order maintained in society?

  Through shared norms and values that establish orderly patterns enabling people to live together.
• What does determinism refer to in sociology?

  The idea that people's behavior is molded by their social surroundings with little control or choice.
• What is consensus theory primarily associated with?

  Functionalist theory.
• What do conflict theories emphasize?

  Social differences and inequalities and the conflict they produce.
• Which theories are typically associated with conflict theories?

  Marxism, Weber, and Feminism.
• What is the focus of structural theories in sociology?

  Overall structure of society and how individual behavior is molded by social institutions.
• How do social action theories differ from structural theories?

  Social action theories emphasize individual consciousness and free will, while structural theories focus on social institutions.
• What are the key features of structuralism in sociology?

  • Individuals' behavior and identities are shaped by external social forces.
  • Individuals have little control over their behavior.
  • Sociology studies the overall structure of society (macro approach).
  • Positivism and quantitative methods are preferred for studying social forces.
• How is Functionalism viewed as consensus structuralism?

  Functionalism sees society as harmonious, where social order is maintained through agreement on goals, values, and norms.
• How does Marxism represent conflict structuralism?

  Marxism views society as conflict-ridden and unstable, emphasizing inequalities between classes.
• What did Weber say about the integrated approach?

  Behaviour can be understand when looking at structure and action on two levels such as; the level of cause and meaning
• What is Giddens theory of structuralism in the integrated approach?

  Action and structure depend on each other and only exist as long as people continue to take action to support them
• What is the integrated concept of verstehen?

  Researchers putting themselves into the position of those they are trying to study to see the world through their eyes
• What are the criticisms of the integrated approach?

  Over-states the capacity of individuals to change societal structures and underestimated societal constraints on individuals