Physiology

• What is the effect of weight-bearing exercise on osteoclast activity?

  Increases osteoclast activity
• How does synovial fluid change with exercise?

  Increases in amount and reduces in viscosity
• What types of muscle fibers are involved in muscle fiber recruitment?

  • Type 1 (slow-twitch)
  • Type IIa
  • Type IIx (fast-twitch)
• What happens to blood flow during exercise?

  Increases to working muscles
• What do micro-tears in muscles result from?

  Result from exercise
• What happens to muscle temperature during exercise?

  Rises in working muscles
• What controls breathing rate during exercise?

  Managed by chemical and neural mechanisms
• What muscles are involved in respiration?

  • Diaphragm
  • Intercostals
• What is tidal volume?

  Amount of air inhaled/exhaled per breath
• How is minute volume (VE) calculated?

  VE = Breathing Rate x Tidal Volume
• What does the oxygen dissociation curve illustrate?

  Relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen
• What happens to heart rate before exercise?

  Increases due to adrenaline
• How is cardiac output (Q) calculated?

  Q = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
• What influences cardiac output?

  Influenced by Starling's Law
• How does blood pressure change with exercise?

  Increases differently with aerobic and strength training
• What is the cardiac cycle?

  Sequence of heart events during one heartbeat
• How is blood flow redistributed during exercise?

  Through vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• What increases osteoclast activity?

  Weight-bearing exercise
• How does synovial fluid change with exercise?

  Increases in amount and reduces in viscosity
• What are the types of muscle fibers involved in muscle fiber recruitment?

  • Type I (slow-twitch)
  • Type IIa
  • Type IIx (fast-twitch)
• What happens to blood flow during exercise?

  Increases to working muscles
• What do micro-tears in muscles result from?

  Exercise
• What happens to muscle temperature during exercise?

  Rises in working muscles
• What controls breathing rate?

  Chemical and neural mechanisms
• What muscles are involved in respiration?

  • Diaphragm
  • Intercostals
• What is tidal volume?

  Amount of air inhaled/exhaled per breath
• How is minute volume (VE) calculated?

  VE = Breathing Rate × Tidal Volume
• What does the oxygen dissociation curve show?

  Relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen
• What happens to anticipatory heart rate before exercise?

  Increases due to adrenaline
• How is cardiac output (Q) calculated?

  Q = Stroke Volume (SV) × Heart Rate (HR)
• What influences cardiac output?

  Starling's Law
• How does blood pressure change with exercise?

  Increases differently with aerobic and strength training
• What is the cardiac cycle?

  Sequence of heart events during one heartbeat
• How is blood flow redistributed in the body?

  Through vasoconstriction and vasodilation