Core Practical 10

• What are the two main groups of factors determining species distribution?

  Abiotic and biotic factors
• What do abiotic factors include?

  Light intensity, water, nutrients, and temperature
• What are biotic variables in species distribution?

  Competition, number of predators, and disease
• What are the methods for completing the practical on species distribution?

  • Use quadrats and random sampling
  • Measure other abiotic variables
• What equipment is needed for the species distribution practical?

  Quadrat, transect, clipboard, measuring equipment
• What is the first step in the method for studying species distribution?

  1. Choose a site with an abiotic gradient
  2. Place the transect down
  3. Select a species that changes in abundance
• How should the quadrat be placed on the transect?

  Bottom left corner on the mark every time
• How is percentage cover recorded in the quadrat?

  Count squares with half or more covered
• What should be measured at each coordinate in the practical?

  Independent variable
• What equipment can be used to measure light intensity?

  A photometer
• What are the hazards and risks associated with the practical?

  • Biohazard: Allergies, soil bacteria, contamination
  • Slippery surfaces: Slip hazard
• What safety precaution should be taken for biohazard risks?

  Wash hands after practical
• What should be done in case of a slip hazard?

  Wear appropriate footwear; don’t run
• What should be done with the collected data in the practical?

  • Plot a graph of percentage cover against independent variable
  • Perform statistical tests like Spearman’s Rank, T-test, Chi Squared
• What does a correlation in the graph indicate?

  The effect of the chosen variable on species distribution
• What is an important note regarding correlation?

  Correlation is not necessarily causation
• What factors could influence the results of the practical?

  • Various abiotic factors
  • Biotic interactions
  • Environmental conditions