Global Sporting Events

• what areas are used to categorise the impact of hosting a global sporting event?


  -social

  -economic

  -political

  -sporting
• positive sporting impacts


  -raises profile of sport (more people likely see it)

  -creates role models (more people likely to join in) e.g. Jess Ennis

  -develops new facilities (more opportunities) e.g. 50m pools

  -attention on minority sports (increases participation) e.g. Mo Farah

  -increase in funding

  -better organisation for sport
• negative sporting impacts


  -redundant sporting facilities e.g. Rio swimming pool

  -deviance highlighted e.g. Russian drug busts

  -legacy not sustained e.g. Montreal 1976

  -unfair funding to Olympic sports only
• negative economic impacts


  -bidding is expensive

  -debt/economic loss e.g. Montreal 1976

  -increased taxes

  -increased house prices

  -employments are temporary
• positive economic impacts


  -increased tourism (more money into local economy)

  -more jobs created (more money spent in local area)

  -shop window effect (strong trade links with other countries)

  -regeneration funding improves local area
• positive political impacts


  -political leaders gain credit for success so more votes

  -creates national pride & unity

  -shop window effect for country's culture & political system

  -may attract more trade/investment if successful

  -employment increases may increase government's popularity
• negative political impacts


  -cost of hosting event may be unpopular so loss in votes & decrease in economic resources e.g. Rio 2016

  -failure/poor sporting performance may reduce nation self-esteem

  -political protest may embarrass government e.g. Mexico City 1968

  -increased threat of terrorism

  -negative environmental impacts may reduce popularity of ruling party

  -lack of legacy may make government unpopular e.g. Montreal 1976
• negative social impacts


  -unfair benefits (only go to host city)

  -local inhabitants forced to move away from original homes

  -poor performances reflect badly on the host country

  -disruption to travel

  -threat of terrorism/increased risk of crime

  -negative environmental impacts e.g. pollution, congestion
• positive social impacts


  -increase status of home country

  -increased pride of home nation

  -increase social integration

  -increase in volunteering opportunities e.g. 2012 London Gamesmakers

  -decrease local crime rates
• positive social impacts: legacy


  -increase health & fitness

  -increase in participation therefore better health

  -increase infrastructure e.g. London - Stratford Javelin train

  -increase in accommodation & schools
• What were the 1936 Olympics in Berlin often referred to as?

  'Third Reich Ideology Games'
• How did Hitler use the 1936 Olympics?

  As propaganda to show German superiority
• Who was the notable African American athlete in the 1936 Olympics?

  Jesse Owens
• How many medals did Jesse Owens win in the 1936 Olympics?

  Three medals
• What was Hitler's reaction to Jesse Owens' medal presentation?

  He refused to present Owens the medals
• What was the significance of the Black Power demonstration in the 1968 Olympics?

  • Protest against lack of rights in the USA
  • Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised fists
  • Wore black gloves and socks without shoes
  • Represented poverty and unity in America
• What did Tommie Smith and John Carlos wear during their protest?

  Black gloves and black socks
• What was the name of the group responsible for the 1972 Munich attack?

  Black September Group
• How many Israeli team members were seized during the 1972 Munich attack?

  Eleven members
• What was the outcome of the German authorities' attempt to rescue the hostages in 1972?

  All hostages and 5 terrorists were killed
• What controversial decision did the IOC make after the Munich attack?

  To continue with the games
• What event led to the USA's boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics?

  Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan
• Who was the US President during the 1980 Moscow Olympics boycott?

  Jimmy Carter
• What was the impact of the USA's boycott on the number of athletes in the 1980 Olympics?


  Significantly decreased the number of athletes
• What was the reason for the Soviet Union's boycott of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics?

  Response to the 1980 Moscow boycott
• How many nations joined the Soviet Union in boycotting the 1984 Olympics?

  Fourteen nations
• What did the Soviet Union blame for their boycott of the 1984 Olympics?

  Lack of security measures and political purposes