Japanese Occupation

• What transformation did Japan undergo during the Meiji Restoration?


  Japan became modern, industrialized, and militaristic
• What was the first military success of Japan?

  First Sino-Japanese War
• What was Japan's role in World War I?

  Japan was part of the Allies
• What was the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere?


  A policy for unity among East Asian nations
• When did Japan invade the Philippines?

  Hours after Pearl Harbor attack
• What was the USAFFE?


  A coalition of Filipino and American forces
• Why was Manila declared an open city?


  To avoid its destruction during invasion
• Who were appointed as caretakers of the Philippines during the war?

  Jose Abad Santos and Jose P. Laurel
• What was the Tripartite Pact of 1940?

  A pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy
• What was the date of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

  December 7, 1941
• How did President Roosevelt describe the Pearl Harbor attack?


  As a day that will live in infamy
• What was the significance of the Fall of Bataan?


  It marked the surrender of USAFFE forces
• What was the Bataan Death March?


  A forced march of USAFFE soldiers
• What atrocities did the Japanese commit against civilians?

  Imprisonment, torture, and abduction of women
• What was the Philippine Executive Commission (PEC)?


  A temporary government under Japanese control
• What was the purpose of the KALIBAPI party?


  To advocate Philippine independence under Japan
• Who was the elected president of the Second Philippine Republic?

  Jose P. Laurel
• What changes did the Japanese implement in the education system?

  Focus on Japanese culture and de-Americanization
• Who replaced President Quezon after his death?

  Vice President Osmena
• What strategy did Osmena and American leaders create?

  To liberate the Philippines from Japanese control
• What tactics were used in guerrilla warfare against the Japanese?

  Ambush, sabotage, and hit-and-run
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Manila?

  Manila was liberated from Japanese forces
• What was the Manila Massacre?

  Mass murders committed by Japanese forces
• How many Manila residents were killed during the war?

  Approximately 100,000 residents
• What event forced Japan to surrender in 1945?

  Detonation of atomic bombs
• Who officially dissolved the Second Philippine Republic?

  President Jose P. Laurel
• What were the main components of the Japanese occupation in the Philippines?

  • Invasion and occupation of the Philippines
  • Establishment of the Second Philippine Republic
  • Implementation of Japanese educational policies
  • Guerrilla warfare resistance by Filipinos
• What were the consequences of the Japanese occupation for the Philippines?

  • Loss of lives and destruction of cities
  • Establishment of a puppet government
  • Changes in education and culture
  • Rise of guerrilla resistance movements