forelimb

• What type of structure does the image depict?

  A bone or a skeletal structure.

  
• What are the primary bones of the forelimb?

  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna

  
• What bone forms the upper arm?

  Humerus

  
• What bones form the forearm?

  Radius and Ulna

  
• What are the carpal bones?

  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
  • Trapezoid
  • Trapezium
  • Capitate
  • Hamate

  
• How many carpal bones are there in the forelimb?

  Eight

  
• What are the metacarpal bones?

  • One for each finger

  
• How many metacarpal bones are there in the forelimb?

  Five

  
• What are the phalanges?

  • Proximal
  • Middle
  • Distal

  
• How many phalanges are present in each finger?

  Three

  
• What type of joints are found in the phalanges?

  Hinge joints

  
• Why are hinge joints suitable for the phalanges?

  Because they allow movement in a single plane, facilitating finger bending and straightening.

  
• What movement brings the hand away from the forearm?

  Extension

  
• What are the primary movements allowed at the wrist?

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction

  
• What movement brings the hand towards the forearm?

  Flexion

  
• What are the main muscles involved in flexion of the forearm?

  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis

  
• What are the main muscles involved in extension of the forearm?

  • Triceps brachii

  
• What is the primary function of the triceps brachii muscle?

  • Extension of the forearm at the elbow

  
• What is the primary function of the biceps brachii muscle?

  • Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

  
• If the biceps brachii is injured, what primary movement of the forearm would be affected?

  • Flexion would be impaired

  
• What is the function of the extensor muscles of the fingers?

  They extend the fingers.

  
• If the triceps brachii is injured, what primary movement of the forearm would be affected?

  • Extension would be impaired

  
• Why are saddle joints suitable for the carpal-metacarpal joints?

  They allow versatile movements of the hand, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and limited rotation.

  
• What is the function of the flexor muscles of the fingers?

  They flex the fingers.

  
• What type of joint is found between the radius and the carpal bones?

  Pivot joint

  
• What type of joint is found between the humerus and the radius and ulna?

  Hinge joint

  
• What type of joint is found between the carpals and the metacarpals?

  Saddle joint

  
• What structures make up the distal end of the forelimb?

  • Carpal bones
  • Metacarpal bones
  • Phalanges

  
• What are Ground Reaction Forces primarily associated with in animal motion?

  • Motion and movement
• Which researchers published a study on Ground Reaction Forces in 1995?

  Back et al.
• What does $PL$ stand for in the context of horizontal forces?


  Posterior Limb
• What does $TL$ stand for in the context of horizontal forces?


  Thoracic Limb
• What does $PL$ stand for in the context of vertical forces?


  Posterior Limb
• What does $TL$ stand for in the context of vertical forces?


  Thoracic Limb
• How many bones are typically found in the forelimb carpus?

  4
• How many bones are typically found in the forelimb tarsus?

  8
• What is a Comparative Skeleton in animal anatomy?

  • A study that compares the skeletal structures of different animal species
• What is the long bone of the upper arm called?

  Humerus
• What is the large, flat bone that forms the shoulder blade?

  Scapula
• What is the larger of the two lower arm bones?

  Ulna