Classifying and diagnosing SZ

• What is the influence of gender bias on schizophrenia diagnosis?

  Men are diagnosed more frequently than women.
• What did Loring and Powell (1988) find regarding schizophrenia diagnosis?

  Male patients were diagnosed more than female patients.
• Why might male patients be diagnosed more frequently with schizophrenia?

  Due to stereotypes about gender and symptom perception.
• How does gender bias affect the diagnosis of women with schizophrenia?

  Women may receive alternative diagnoses or different interpretations.
• What does the gender bias in schizophrenia diagnosis highlight?

  • Impact of gender stereotyping
  • Affects accuracy of diagnoses
  • Influences fairness in clinical assessments
• Why can the validity of diagnosing schizophrenia be questioned?

  Due to overlap with other mental health disorders
• Which mental health disorders share symptoms with schizophrenia?

  Bipolar disorder and major depression
• What type of symptoms can schizophrenia and depression both involve?

  Psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations
• How does the overlap between disorders affect the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

  It raises concerns about misinterpretation or misclassification
• What diagnostic tools attempt to differentiate between schizophrenia and other disorders?

  The DSM and ICD
• What challenge do diagnostic tools face in ensuring a valid diagnosis of schizophrenia?

  The overlap of symptoms makes it difficult
• What can cultural bias affect in the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

  It can lead to misdiagnosis
• How do individuals in different cultures experience hallucinations according to Luhrmann et al. (2015)?

  They experience and interpret them differently
• In Western cultures, how are auditory hallucinations typically viewed?

  As signs of mental illness
• What might hearing voices signify in some cultures?

  Spiritual experiences
• What does cultural variation challenge regarding diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

  It challenges the universality of diagnostic criteria
• What potential issues can arise from cultural biases in diagnosing schizophrenia?

  Misdiagnosis or over-diagnosis
• Why is it important to consider cultural factors when diagnosing schizophrenia?

  To avoid cultural biases affecting accuracy
• What is a common issue in diagnosing schizophrenia?

  It often co-occurs with other disorders
• Why does comorbidity complicate the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

  Symptoms may overlap or be masked
• Which disorders are commonly diagnosed alongside schizophrenia?

  Depression, anxiety, and substance abuse
• What did Kirkbride et al. (2007) find regarding schizophrenia?

  High rate of comorbidity with depression
• How does comorbidity affect the validity and reliability of schizophrenia diagnosis?

  • Challenges accurate diagnosis
  • Requires careful differentiation of symptoms
  • Increases complexity in clinical assessment
• What must clinicians do to ensure an accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia?

  Carefully differentiate between symptoms