Evolution

• Evolution - a process by which inherited characteristics in a population change over a long period of time due to natural selection.
• Adaptation - the gradual change of a species over a certain period of time to be able to survive in its environment.
• Variation - the wide range of diverse characteristics present in the representatives of a species.
• Natural selection - the variation of characteristics that helps a species better adapt to its environment, therefore making it more likely to reproduce.
• Alleles - different forms of the same gene.
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - the single most important molecule in living cells that stores information.
• Chromosomes - structures of DNA contained within the nucleus of the cell.
• Genes - a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
• Extinction - the complete dying out of a species, meaning it has no remaining living individuals and no longer contributes to evolution.
• Conservation - the protection or careful use of natural resources such as animals, plants and energy.
• Continuous data can be measured and given a value from a range of values. (Plotted WITHOUT gap)
• Discontinuous data cannot be measured but is one of a few distinct options. (Plotted WITH gap)
• DNA structure - double-helix/twisted ladder.
• Each body cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
• Detergent - to break down the cell and nuclear membranes.
• Salt - to make the DNA stick together.
• Filter - to get rid of the cellular material and collect the liquid DNA extract.
• Ice-cold ethanol/alcohol - to make the DNA precipitate and be seen.
• Dominant alleles - need to be present only on one chromosome.
• Recessive alleles - need to be present on both chromosomes.