Circulatory system

• What type of circulatory system do humans have?

  Double circulatory system
• What is the purpose of the double circulatory system?

  To separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What are the two circuits in the circulatory system?

  Systemic Circuit and Pulmonary Circuit
• How many times does blood pass through the heart in the circulatory system?

  Twice
• What are the three components of the circulatory system?

  • The heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
• What is the primary function of blood?

  To transport materials and protect against disease
• What is plasma in blood?

  A liquid containing dissolved substances
• What is the function of Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?

  To transport oxygen
• What shape are Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?

  Biconcave shape
• Why do Red Blood Cells lack a nucleus?

  To maximize space for oxygen molecules
• What is haemoglobin's role in Red Blood Cells?

  To bind to oxygen
• What is the primary function of White Blood Cells (WBCs)?

  To defend against disease
• What distinguishes White Blood Cells from Red Blood Cells?

  Large nucleus
• What are two types of White Blood Cells?

  Lymphocytes and Phagocytes
• What does plasma transport in the blood?

  • Carbon Dioxide (as Carbonic Acid)
  • Digested food products
  • Hormones
  • Urea
  • Platelets for blood clotting
• What happens to a blood cell placed in water?

  It swells and may burst
• What is the role of the pulmonary circuit?

  To carry blood to the lungs
• What does the systemic circuit do?

  Delivers oxygenated blood to the body
• What is the function of the hepatic artery?

  Delivers blood to the liver
• What does the renal artery do?

  Delivers blood to the kidneys
• What is the purpose of the hepatic portal vein?

  Delivers blood from the gut to the liver
• What do the hepatic vein and renal vein do?

  Return blood to the vena cava
• What are the three main types of blood vessels?

  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
• What is the function of arteries?

  Carry blood away from the heart
• What is the role of capillaries?

  Allow substances to move in and out of blood
• What do veins do?

  Carry blood back to the heart
• Why are arteries thick and strong?

  To withstand high pressure blood flow
• Why are capillaries only one cell thick?

  To allow short diffusion pathways
• What happens to blood as it moves from arteries to capillaries?

  It slows down significantly
• Why do veins have a wide lumen?

  To facilitate easier blood flow
• What is the purpose of valves in veins?

  To prevent backflow of blood
• What can a blockage in blood vessels lead to?

  A stroke or heart attack
• What factors increase the risk of heart disease?

  Smoking, high blood pressure, high salt intake
• How does high salt intake affect blood pressure?

  It can lead to increased blood pressure
• What effect do saturated fats have on arteries?

  They can cause plaque buildup
• What is angioplasty?

  A procedure to open blocked arteries
• What do statins do?

  Reduce blood cholesterol levels
• How does aspirin help protect against cardiovascular disease?

  By thinning the blood
• Why is the left ventricle's muscle wall thicker than the right ventricle's?

  It pumps blood around the entire body
• What is the pressure difference between blood in arteries and veins?

  Higher in arteries than in veins