DNA vs RNA

• What is the structure of DNA described as?

  A double helix structure
• What does DNA store?

  Genetic information and codes for traits
• Why is RNA important?

  It transmits genetic messages to cells
• Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

  • Found in all living organisms
  • DNA: located in nucleus (eukaryotes)
  • RNA: found in and out of nucleus
  • Both are nucleic acids (biomolecules)
  • Monomer: nucleotide for both
  • DNA: double-stranded; RNA: single-stranded
  • DNA sugar: deoxyribose; RNA sugar: ribose
  • DNA bases: A, T, G, C; RNA bases: A, U, G, C
• What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

  A phosphate, sugar, and a base
• What is the sugar in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• What is the sugar in RNA?

  Ribose
• What are the bases in DNA?

  Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
• What are the bases in RNA?

  Adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
• What is the complementary base for adenine in DNA?

  Thymine
• What is the complementary base for cytosine in DNA?

  Guanine
• What is the role of mRNA?

  To carry a message based on DNA
• Where does mRNA go after leaving the nucleus?

  To a ribosome
• What does rRNA stand for?

  Ribosomal RNA
• What is the function of tRNA?

  To transfer amino acids to mRNA
• What do codon charts show?

  Which amino acid corresponds to mRNA codons
• What is formed when amino acids are joined together?

  A polypeptide chain
• What are proteins made of?

  One or more polypeptide chains
• What are the roles of the three types of RNA?

  • mRNA: carries genetic message from DNA
  • rRNA: major component of ribosomes
  • tRNA: transfers amino acids to mRNA codons
• How many DNA bases are in 8 DNA nucleotides?

  8 bases
• How many base pairs are in 8 DNA nucleotides?

  4 base pairs
• What are the complementary DNA bases for A, T, T, G, A, C?

  T, A, A, C, T, G
• What are the complementary RNA bases for A, T, T, G, A, C?

  U, A, A, C, U, G
• Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?

  Watson and Crick
• What is the typical structure of RNA?

  Single-stranded and shorter than DNA
• What sugar does RNA contain?

  Ribose
• Which nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA?

  Uracil (U)
• What is the function of mRNA?

  Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
• What is the role of tRNA?

  Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation
• What does rRNA do?

  Forms structural and functional components of ribosomes
• What happens during elongation in translation?

  tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
• What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

  • DNA: Double-stranded, deoxyribose, thymine (T)
  • RNA: Single-stranded, ribose, uracil (U)