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• What is the main focus of the lecture on intergroup behaviour?

  Why humans form and maintain groups
• What are the three parts of the intergroup behaviour lecture?

  Formation, effects, and differences of groups
• How is a group defined in contemporary social psychology?

  A collection of people with common beliefs
• What is an in-group?

  A group of which a person is a member
• What is an out-group?

  A group of which a person is not a member
• What are the dimensions along which groups can be classified?

  • Size
  • Entitativity
  • Purpose
• What does entitativity refer to in group classification?

  Perceived cohesion and interaction among members
• What are the levels of entitativity from highest to lowest?

  1. Intimacy Groups (e.g., Family)
  2. Task Groups (e.g., Colleagues)
  3. Social Categories (e.g., Sex, Age)
  4. Loose Associations (e.g., Neighbours)
• What is an example of an intimacy group?

  Family
• What is an example of a task group?

  A jury
• What is an example of a social category?

  Men/Women
• What is a reference group?


  A group we aspire to identify with
• What is a working group?

  A group working towards a specific goal
• What is a social category?

  A group sharing a social attribute
• What is an example of a social category?

  Vegetarians
• What are some real-life examples of groups?

  • Firefighters
  • Women
  • Celebrities
  • Catholics
• What does multiple group memberships refer to?

  Belonging to several different groups
• What is Social Identity Theory (SIT)?

  Self-esteem derived from group belonging
• What does Self-Categorization Theory (SCT) extend?

  Social Identity Theory with hierarchy of identities
• What is the Need to Belong Theory?

  Humans have an innate need for relationships
• What are the core ideas of Social Identity Theory?

  • Group identities explain human behavior.
  • Strong social identity arises from group membership.
• Why is it important to consider group identities?

  They explain uniformity in human behavior
• What is the central claim of Social Identity Theory?

  Desire for a positive self-concept through group identity
• How do people achieve a positive self-concept according to SIT?

  By enhancing in-group distinctiveness
• What is ingroup favouritism?

  Positive feelings towards in-group members
• What is outgroup derogation?

  Negative feelings towards out-group members
• What does the Minimal Group Paradigm demonstrate?

  Conditions for distinguishing ingroup and outgroup
• What are the psychological effects of group membership?

  • Influences individual behaviour
  • Influences interpersonal behaviour
• What is social facilitation?

  Improved performance in presence of others
• What is social inhibition?

  Impaired performance in presence of others
• What factors influence social facilitation?

  Skill level and perceived attention from others
• What is social loafing?

  Reduced effort in group work compared to alone
• How does social loafing differ from free riding?

  Social loafing occurs unconsciously
• What influences the occurrence of social loafing?

  Group unity and cohesion
• What is ingroup favouritism?

  Positive bias towards in-group members
• What is outgroup derogation?

  Negative bias towards out-group members
• What does intergroup behaviour refer to?

  Behaviour influenced by group membership recognition
• What is the significance of the Minimal Group Paradigm?

  It shows minimal conditions for group distinction
• What are the selected effects of group membership on individual behaviour?

  • Social facilitation
  • Social inhibition
  • Social loafing
• What are the selected effects of group membership on interpersonal behaviour?

  • Ingroup favouritism
  • Outgroup derogation