Researchers

• Deutsch and Gerard (1955)


  Proposed the dual process model which involved:

  • normative social influence (NSI)
  • informational social influence (ISI)
• Lucas et al (2006)


  supports ISI

  • maths questions
• Latane and Darley (1970)


  supports ISI

  • smoke filled room
• Asch (1951)


  conducted research into conformity in unambiguous situations

  • matching line lengths
  • also supports NSI
• Zimbardo (1973)


  stanford prison experiment
• Haslam and Reicher (2006)


  replicated the stanford prison experiment and found contradictory evidence

  • criticises Zimbardo
• Banuazizi and Mohavedi (1975)


  demand characteristics

  • criticises zimbardo
• Fromm (1973)

  accused zimbardo of over-exaggerating findings

  • criticises zimbardo
• Milgram


  conducted research into obedience
• Orne and Holland (1968)


  demand characteristics

  • criticises Milgram
• Hofling


  the nurses and the fatal dose

  • supports Milgram
• Miranda et al


  conducted similar research

  • supports Milgram
• Sheridan and King 


  replicated with women and puppies

  • supports Milgram
• Milgrams situational variables


  • proximity - 40% same room, 20.5% telephone
  • location - 47.5% office block
  • uniform - 20% normal clothes
• Bickman (1974)


  impact of uniform - field experiment

  • supports Milgrams situational variables
• Orne and Holland (1968)


  demand characteristics

  • criticises Milgrams situational variables
• Miranda et al (1981)


  similar findings to Milgrams

  • supports Milgrams situational variables
• Mandel (1998)


  obedience alibis, offensive to holocaust survivors

  • criticises Milgrams situational variables
• Adorno et al (1950)


  proposed the authoritarian personality type

  • submissive of higher status
  • dismissive of lower status
  • formed as a result of harsh parenting
• Milgram and Elms 


  interviewed fully obedient participants

  • supports Adorno as they all scored highly on the f-scale
• Hyman and Sheatsley 


  argued that education is a more important factor

  • criticises Adorno
• Tajfel


  social learning theory

  • criticises Adorno as it cannot explain why German soldiers behaved the way they did
• Greenstein


  internal validity, leading questions

  • criticises Adorno
• Bickman - Adorno


  reductionist

  • criticises Adorno
• Hofling


  reductionist

  • criticises agentic shift
• Mandel (1998)


  German Reserve Police Battalion 101

  • criticises agentic shift
• Blass and Schmidt (2001)


  showed a film of Milgrams research

  • supports legitimacy of authority
• Kilham and Mann (1974)


  milgram style replication is australia

  16%

  • criticises legitimacy of authority
• Mantell (1971)


  milgram style replication in germany

  85%

  • criticises legitimacy of authority
• Allen and Levine (1971)


  dissenting peer in the asch type study - glasses

  • supports social support
• Gamson et al (1982)


  oil company smear campaign

  • supports social support
• Rotter


  locus of control
• Holland (1967)


  repeated Milgrams study measuring internal and external locus of control

  • supports locus of control
• Twenge et al (2004)


  found contradictory evidence

  more resistant to social influence but more externalised locus of control

  • criticises locus of control
• Moscovici et al (1969)


  blue slides for minority influence
• Wood et al (1994)


  meta analyses

  • supports minority influence
• Bashir et al (2013)


  investigating the reason why some people tend to minority influence

  • supports minority influence
• Moscovici et al (1969) social change


  consistent - 8.42%

  inconsistent - 1.25%

  • supports social change
• Bashir et al (2013) social change


  some people tend to avoid social change

  • supports social change
• Wood et al - social change


  meta analyses

  • supports social change