prelim

• 2 ways that highlight crime is a problem in the UK

  Increasing knife crime

  Overcrowded prisons
• PEE increasing knife crime 


  One way that highlights crime is a problem in the UK is increasing knife crime.

  Due to gang prevalence across the country many young people are carrying knives.

  For example, in Glasgow around 3500 young people aged 11-23 are in gangs associated with knife crime.
• PEE overcrowded prisons

  One way that highlights crime is a problem in the UK is overcrowded prisons.

  There are more criminals than what prisons have capacity for and this suggests an increase in crime.

  For example, in 2019 Barlinnie held almost 1500 inmates although it only has capacity for 987.
• 2 social causes of crime

  Lack of role models

  Drug and/or alcohol addiction
• PEE lack of role models

  One social cause of crime is lack of role models.

  If a young person's family member is imprisoned they will be encouraged to commit crime and living in deprived areas means role models can take the form of gang members

  For example, in 2012 37% of prisoners reported having family convicted of non-motoring offences.
• PEE drug and/or alcohol addiction

  One social cause of crime is drug and/or addiction.

  People commit crime to fund their addiction e.g. breaking & entering and theft. They also are more likely to commit crimes such as assualt under the influence.

  For example, in 2011 63% of crimes were committed under the influence.
• 2 effective alternatives to prison

  Home detention curfews

  Community payback orders (CPO's)
• PEE home detention curfew

  One effective alternative to prison is home detention curfews.

  This requires the offender to wear an electronic tagging device so their movements can be monitored and their freedom was restricted.

  For example, a criminal is less likely to reoffend if they are monitored 24/7
• PEE community payback orders (CPO's)

  One effective alternative to prison is community payback orders.

  They require an offender to carry out up to 300 hours of community service, unpaid work. This benefits community as they get free labour and saves the taxpayer money.

  For example, an offender could be required to go litter picking in their community.
• 2 US economic influence

  Creating jobs

  Relied on for trade
• PEE US creating jobs

  One economic influence the US has is creating jobs globally.

  The US has big companies such as Amazon, Google, Apple and McDonalds which have stores, offices and factories all over the world and employ people to work there.

  For example, Amazon employs around 70,000 people in the UK and over 90,000 scots work for American companies.
• PEE US Relied on for trade

  One economic influence of the US is being relied on for trade.

  The US is the largest manufacturer and second largest trading nation in the world.

  For example, the US are the largest natural gas producer and the 3rd largest producer of oil.
• US citizens right to...

  protest

  vote
• PEE protest

  One right of Americans is to protest.

  They can protest peacefully if they feel strongly about an issue or unhappy with the work of their government.

  For example, Thousands of americans protested after, black man, George Floyd was killed by white officer, Derek Chauvin.
• PEE right to vote

  One right of americans is the right to vote.

  US citizens can vote every 4 years to elect a new president and they can also vote for senator and congressmen & women

  For example, in 2020 thousands of people voted to elect Joe Biden as the new president.
• 3 effective responses to social and economic issues in the USA

  Obama Care

  Supplemental nutritional assistance programme

  Biden administration student debt relief plan
• PEE Obama care

  one effected response to social and economic issues is Obama care.

  This policy was made as a response to health inequality and to make health insurance more affordable. The prices were lowered so people on low income could receive health insurance

  For example, 90% of Americans had health insurance in 2018 due to Obama care.
• PEE Supplemental nutritional assistance programme (SNAP)

  One effective response to social and economic issues is the Supplemental nutritional assistance programme (SNAP).

  This gives people financial assistance so that they can afford to feed themselves and their families. This is a response to income inequality.

  For example, 44 million people use SNAP yearly.
• PEE Biden administration student debt relief plan

  One effective response to social and economic Biden administration student debt relief plan.

  This is a response to income inequality. It is a re-deduction to people student debt loan repayment.

  For example, anyone with an income of $125,000 or less received a $10,000 deduction or their debt was wiped entirely.
• 3 reasons why some groups in the USA are more successful than others

  race

  high educational attainment

  not in poverty
• PEE racism

  One reason why some groups in America are more successful than others is due to their race.

  Many Americans hold racist views and discriminate against blacks and Hispanics, preventing them from getting promotions and being employed. Therefore white people are more likely to have high income jobs.

  For example white people are paid around 30% more than blacks and Hispanics.
• PEE high educational attainment

  One reason why some groups in America are more successful than others is due to having high educational attainment.

  Americans going to good schools with good resources are more likely to gain more qualifications allowing them to go onto further education or get a high paying job.

  For example, 45% of white Americans over the age of 25 have a degree compared with 29% of blacks and Hispanics.
• PEE not in poverty

  One reason why some groups in America are more successful than others is due to not living in poverty.

  This means they can afford to live in areas like the suburbs where there are well funded schools with great resources. This makes them more likely to get good qualifications and go on to a well paying job or further education.

  For example, poverty rates of blacks and Hispanics in America are almost double that of whites.