Atomic Structure

    Cards (41)

    • Who proposed that atoms are tiny spherical particles?
      Dalton
    • What did Dalton's model help explain?
      The properties of gases
    • What particle did Thomson discover?
      Electron
    • How much smaller is the electron's mass compared to the atom?
      x1000 smaller
    • What model did Thomson propose for the atom?
      Plum Pudding Model
    • What experiment did Rutherford conduct?
      Firing alpha particles at gold foil
    • What did Rutherford conclude about the atom?
      Atoms have a positive nucleus
    • What did Bohr propose about electrons?
      They orbit the nucleus in shells
    • What are the shells around the nucleus called?
      Energy levels
    • What did Chadwick discover?
      Neutrons
    • Why was the discovery of neutrons significant?
      It explained atomic mass discrepancies
    • What is the radius of an atom?
      About 0.1 nm
    • What is the radius of a methane molecule?
      About 0.5 nm
    • How small is the radius of a nucleus compared to an atom?
      Less than 1/10,000 of an atom
    • What is the mass and charge of a proton?
      Mass 1, Charge +1
    • What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
      Mass 1, Charge 0
    • What is the mass and charge of an electron?
      Mass 2000, Charge -1
    • Where do protons and neutrons reside in an atom?
      In the nucleus
    • How many electrons can the first shell hold?
      2 electrons
    • How many electrons can the other shells hold?
      Up to 8 electrons
    • How many electrons does potassium have in its first shell?
      2 electrons
    • How many electrons does potassium have in its second shell?
      8 electrons
    • How many electrons does potassium have in its third shell?
      8 electrons
    • How many electrons does potassium have in its fourth shell?
      1 electron
    • What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
      Groups
    • What do the outer shell electrons indicate about an element?
      What group the element is in
    • What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
      Periods
    • What do the number of shells indicate about an element?
      What period the element is in
    • What are isotopes?
      Atoms with same protons, different neutrons
    • How do you find the number of neutrons in an element?
      Mass number - Atomic number
    • How many neutrons does beryllium have?
      5 neutrons
    • What is Relative Atomic Mass?
      Average mass of isotopes of an element
    • How is Relative Atomic Mass calculated?
      Sum of (abundance x mass number) / total abundance
    • What is the Relative Atomic Mass of copper?
      63.816
    • How many isotopes does hydrogen have?
      Three isotopes
    • What are the different versions of hydrogen based on neutrons?
      0, 1, or 2 neutrons
    • What are the key historical models of the atom?
      • Dalton: Tiny spherical particles
      • Thomson: Discovered electrons, Plum Pudding Model
      • Rutherford: Positive nucleus, empty space
      • Bohr: Electrons in shells
      • Chadwick: Discovered neutrons
    • What are the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
      • Proton: Mass 1, Charge +1
      • Neutron: Mass 1, Charge 0
      • Electron: Mass 2000, Charge -1
    • How do electrons arrange in shells around the nucleus?
      • First shell: 2 electrons
      • Second shell: 8 electrons
      • Third shell: 8 electrons
      • Fourth shell: 1 electron
    • What is the process to calculate Relative Atomic Mass?
      1. Multiply isotope abundance by isotope mass number
      2. Sum the results
      3. Divide by total abundance