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Atomic Structure
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Cards (41)
Who proposed that atoms are tiny spherical particles?
Dalton
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What did Dalton's model help explain?
The
properties
of gases
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What particle did Thomson discover?
Electron
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How much smaller is the electron's mass compared to the atom?
x1000
smaller
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What model did Thomson propose for the atom?
Plum Pudding Model
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What experiment did Rutherford conduct?
Firing
alpha particles
at
gold foil
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What did Rutherford conclude about the atom?
Atoms have a
positive nucleus
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What did Bohr propose about electrons?
They
orbit
the
nucleus
in
shells
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What are the shells around the nucleus called?
Energy levels
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What did Chadwick discover?
Neutrons
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Why was the discovery of neutrons significant?
It explained
atomic mass
discrepancies
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What is the radius of an atom?
About 0.1
nm
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What is the radius of a methane molecule?
About 0.5
nm
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How small is the radius of a nucleus compared to an atom?
Less than
1/10,000
of an atom
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What is the mass and charge of a proton?
Mass
1
,
Charge
+1
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What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
Mass
1
, Charge
0
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What is the mass and charge of an electron?
Mass
2000
, Charge
-1
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Where do protons and neutrons reside in an atom?
In the
nucleus
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How many electrons can the first shell hold?
2
electrons
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How many electrons can the other shells hold?
Up to
8
electrons
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How many electrons does potassium have in its first shell?
2
electrons
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How many electrons does potassium have in its second shell?
8
electrons
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How many electrons does potassium have in its third shell?
8
electrons
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How many electrons does potassium have in its fourth shell?
1
electron
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
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What do the outer shell electrons indicate about an element?
What
group
the element is in
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What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
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What do the number of shells indicate about an element?
What
period
the element is in
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What are isotopes?
Atoms with same protons, different neutrons
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How do you find the number of neutrons in an element?
Mass number
-
Atomic number
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How many neutrons does beryllium have?
5 neutrons
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What is Relative Atomic Mass?
Average mass of
isotopes
of an element
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How is Relative Atomic Mass calculated?
Sum of (
abundance
x
mass number
) / total abundance
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What is the Relative Atomic Mass of copper?
63.816
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How many isotopes does hydrogen have?
Three
isotopes
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What are the different versions of hydrogen based on neutrons?
0, 1, or 2
neutrons
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What are the key historical models of the atom?
Dalton
: Tiny spherical particles
Thomson
: Discovered
electrons
,
Plum Pudding Model
Rutherford
: Positive nucleus, empty space
Bohr
: Electrons in shells
Chadwick
: Discovered
neutrons
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What are the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Proton:
Mass 1
,
Charge +1
Neutron: Mass 1,
Charge 0
Electron:
Mass 2000
,
Charge -1
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How do electrons arrange in shells around the nucleus?
First
shell:
2
electrons
Second
shell:
8
electrons
Third
shell: 8 electrons
Fourth
shell:
1
electron
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What is the process to calculate Relative Atomic Mass?
Multiply
isotope
abundance
by
isotope mass number
Sum the results
Divide by
total abundance
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