Mrs philo rev

• What is photosynthesis?

  A process converting CO2 and water into glucose
• What do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll, the green pigment
• What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?

  It enables photosynthesis to occur
• What are stomata?


  Tiny holes for gas exchange in leaves
• How do guard cells function?

  They open and close stomata based on conditions
• What is diffusion?

  Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
• What is xylem used for in plants?

  Transporting water around the plant
• What is phloem used for in plants?

  Transporting sugars/food around the plant
• What is a producer in an ecosystem?

  Green plant or algae making its own food
• What is a consumer in an ecosystem?

  Animal that eats other animals or plants
• What is a decomposer?

  Organism breaking down dead material for nutrients
• What happens during photosynthesis?

  Plants convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  CO2 + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen
• How is glucose used by plants?

  For energy during respiration and stored as starch
• What is starch in plants?

  A storage form of glucose in plants
• How can starch be tested in plants?

  Using iodine, it turns black in presence of starch
• What happens if a plant photosynthesizes a lot?

  More starch is produced and stored
• What is the role of water in plants?

  Transport minerals, keep cool, and maintain rigidity
• How do guard cells regulate stomata?

  They gain or lose water to open or close stomata
• What is the function of xylem and phloem?

  Xylem transports water; phloem transports sugars
• How does water move in plants?

  Absorbed by roots, travels via xylem to leaves
• What is selective breeding?

  A process to breed plants and animals for traits
• What are the steps in selective breeding?

  Choose traits, breed parents, select offspring, repeat
• What are herbicides used for?

  Chemicals used to kill unwanted plants
• What are pesticides used for?

  Chemicals used to kill or control unwanted animals
• What is bioaccumulation?

  Accumulation of contaminants in organisms over time
• What is biomagnification?

  Increase in contaminant concentration up the food chain
• What are the main functions of plant cells?

  • Cell wall: Provides structure and support
  • Cell membrane: Controls entry and exit of substances
  • Vacuole: Stores nutrients and maintains turgor pressure
  • Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis
  • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
• What are the adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis?

  • Large surface area: Absorbs more light
  • Thin structure: Facilitates gas exchange
  • Presence of chloroplasts: Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
  • Stomata: Allows gas exchange
• What are the five main tasks of water in plants?

  • Transport dissolved minerals
  • Keep the plant cool
  • Transport substances
  • Maintain rigidity and upright structure
  • Allow chemical reactions in plant cells
• What is the process of gas exchange in plants?

  • Stomata open to allow CO2 in
  • Guard cells regulate stomata opening
  • Water vapor exits through stomata
  • Oxygen produced during photosynthesis exits
• What are the roles of xylem and phloem in plant transport?

  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals upward
  • Phloem: Transports sugars and nutrients in both directions
• What are the steps involved in selective breeding?

  1. Choose desired characteristics
  2. Breed parents with those traits
  3. Select offspring with desired traits
  4. Repeat for multiple generations
• What are the key things a plant will need in order to grow?

  Water, sunlight, nutrients, and carbon dioxide
• How are roots adapted to their function?

  Roots have a large surface area for absorption
• What is the function of xylem in plants?

  Xylem transports water and minerals from roots
• What is the function of phloem in plants?

  Phloem transports glucose and nutrients throughout the plant
• Name three uses of glucose in plants.

  Energy, growth, and storage as starch
• What is selective breeding?

  Selective breeding is choosing specific plants for reproduction
• Why is selective breeding carried out?

  To enhance desirable traits in plants