Cognitive Explanations for Depression

• What is a common symptom of depression?

  Low mood
• What is Beck's Negative Triad in relation to depression?

  • Negative view of the world
  • Negative view of the future
  • Negative view of the self
• How do negative thoughts relate to depression according to Beck?

  Negative thoughts lead to low mood
• What are cognitive distortions in depressed individuals?

  Focusing on small negatives, ignoring positives
• What is a negative self-schema?

  A negative view of oneself
• What does the negative triad lead to in a person?

  A dysfunctional view of themselves
• What are the three components of Beck's Negative Triad?

  World, future, self
• How does a negative view of the world affect depression?

  It creates an impression of hopelessness
• What does Ellis's ABC Model explain?

  Irrational thinking causes poor mental health
• What is the first step in Ellis's ABC Model?

  Activating Event
• What triggers irrational beliefs in Ellis's ABC Model?

  Negative events or activating events
• How do beliefs affect emotional consequences in Ellis's model?

  Negative beliefs lead to negative emotions
• What is MUSTurbatory thinking?

  Thinking certain ideas must be true
• What are the three important irrational beliefs according to Ellis?

  I must be approved, do well, and be happy
• What is a strength of the cognitive explanation of depression?

  • Supporting research exists
  • Real-world applications like CBT
• What did Hammen & Krantz (1976) find about depressed individuals?

  They made more errors in logic
• What is a criticism of the cognitive explanation of depression?

  It blames the individual, not situational factors
• How is CBT related to the cognitive explanation of depression?

  It is an effective treatment method
• What does the biological approach suggest about depression?

  Low serotonin levels can cause depression
• What did Clark & Beck (1999) find regarding cognitive irrational thoughts?

  They can appear before depression develops
• Where can you learn about cognitive distortions in depression?

  Visit: https://psychcentral.com/lib/15-common-cognitive-distortions/