Vesicoureteral reflux

• How can vesicoureteral reflux occur?


  Various reasons

  • shortened intravesical ureter
  • improperly functioning valve where ureter joins bladder
  • neurological disorder affecting bladder
• What are the signs & symptoms of vesicoureteral reflux?


  Recurrent UTIs or persistent bacteriuria

  Unexplained fevers

  Abdo or flank pain
• What are the Inx for vesicoureteral reflux?


  USS of kidneys & bladder

  Micturating Cystourethrogram (MCUG)

  MAG reflux test

  DMSA scan
• What is the management of vesicoureteral reflux?


  Conservative

  • prophylactic Abx
  • monitor kidney function & growth

  Surgery (when conservative management fails or severe cases)
• What are the possible complications of vesicoureteral reflux?


  Recurrent UTIs

  Pyelonephritis

  Renal scarring & CKD

  HTN