4.6 Internal/External challenges

• What is the essential question regarding challenges to state power?

  How did internal and external challenges occur?
• What did John Easton claim about the English and Native Americans?

  They made them drunk and cheated them
• What was the purpose of the Fronde civil disturbances?

  To curb growing royal power
• What types of challenges did empires face between 1450 and 1750?

  • Social challenges
  • Political challenges
  • Economic challenges
• What civil disturbances occurred in France between 1648 and 1653?

  The Fronde civil disturbances
• What was Metacom’s War also known as?

  King Philip’s War
• What tactics did English colonists use that led to Metacom’s War?

  Underhanded tactics against indigenous peoples
• Who became the ruler of Ndongo in 1624?

  Ana Nzinga
• What did Nzinga do in response to Portuguese slave raids?

  Allied with the Dutch for protection
• How did Nzinga's actions impact Ndongo?

  She ignited a rebellion against the Portuguese
• What was the condition of serfs in Russia compared to Western Europe by the 14th century?

  Serfs in Russia remained oppressed
• What increased the power of the nobility in Russia during the 15th century?

  Weakened central government
• What happened to peasants' debts in Russia over time?

  Peasants' debts increased significantly
• How did serfdom benefit the Russian government?

  It kept peasants under control
• What law chained Russian serfs to their lands in 1649?

  A law ensuring their service to landlords
• What were the village communes called in Russia?

  Mirs
• Who were the Cossacks in Russia?

  Runaway serfs living in small groups
• What role did Cossacks play in Russian expansion?

  They defended against Ottoman forces
• Who led a peasant rebellion against Catherine the Great?

  Yemelyan Pugachev
• What did Pugachev falsely claim to gain support?

  To be Catherine's murdered husband
• What was the outcome of the Pugachev Rebellion?

  Catherine increased oppression of peasants
• What empire controlled much of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries?

  The Mughal Empire
• What did the Maratha warrior group do against the Mughals?

  Fought in a series of battles
• What revolt occurred in New Mexico in 1680?

  The Pueblo Revolt
• What was the cause of the Pueblo Revolt?

  Forced religious conversions by colonizers
• What happened to the Spanish in New Mexico after the Pueblo Revolt?

  They were reconquered in 1692
• What was the outcome of England's control in the Caribbean by 1655?

  England took control of much of Jamaica
• What were the Maroon wars?

  Revolts by escaped African slaves
• Who was Queen Nanny?

  An escaped slave and national hero
• What was the first recorded slave revolt in the United States?

  The Gloucester County Rebellion
• What happened during the Gloucester County Rebellion?

  Enslaved Africans and indentured servants revolted
• What was the impact of Metacom’s War on Native Americans in New England?

  Subjugation of the Wampanoag people
• What was the Glorious Revolution in England?

  A revolt that strengthened Parliament's power
• Who became king after James II fled to France?

  William of Orange
• What law was passed after the Glorious Revolution?

  Forbidding Catholics to rule England
• What internal and external challenges did Portugal face?

  • Dutch and English pushed them out of South Asia (external)
  • Rebellion in Ndongo allied with Dutch (external)
• What did John Easton claim about the English and Native Americans?

  The English made them drunk and cheated them
• What is the essential question regarding challenges to state power between 1450 and 1750?

  How did internal and external challenges affect states?
• What types of challenges did empires face as they expanded?

  • Social challenges
  • Political challenges
  • Economic challenges
• What civil disturbances occurred in France between 1648 and 1653?

  The Fronde civil disturbances