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One health: emerging and re-emerging diseases
YAWS
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Created by
Maya Hanley
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Cards (57)
What type of infection is Yaws?
Chronic contagious
treponemal
infection
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What is the causative agent of Yaws?
Treponema pallidum
ssp.
pertenue
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How long is the Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue bacterium?
20µM
in length
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How does Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue appear under a microscope?
It occurs in
8-12
rigid spirals
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Where does the Yaws agent occur in the body?
In lesions,
lymph glands
,
spleen
, and
bone marrow
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Who first described Yaws in 1807?
William Mariner
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How did Thomas Sydenham refer to Yaws?
As
'familial syphilis'
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When did the World Health Assembly recognize Yaws as part of endemic treponematoses?
1949
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What significant program was initiated in the 1950s regarding Yaws?
Yaws eradication
programme
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How many cases of Yaws were reported in the 1990s?
5 million
cases
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In which regions is Yaws typically found?
Tropical
areas of
Africa
,
South America
, and
Asia
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What was the WHO estimate of Yaws cases?
450,000
cases
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In what year was Yaws eliminated in India?
2006
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What did the WHO announce in 2007 regarding Yaws?
Return
of the
disease
in
several
regions
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What did the 2010 surveys reveal about Yaws?
It persisted and became
attenuated
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What is the major route of Yaws transmission?
Direct
person-person
contact
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How is Yaws not transmitted?
Not transmitted
venereally
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Which sex is more commonly affected by Yaws?
Males
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What age group is primarily affected by Yaws?
Childhood
and
adolescence
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Is there natural immunity to Yaws in humans?
No natural immunity
exists
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What climate is Yaws endemic in?
Warm
and humid regions
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What social factors contribute to Yaws prevalence?
Poor
cleanliness and
overcrowding
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What are the clinical stages of Yaws?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
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What characterizes the primary stage of Yaws?
Primary lesions
at the site of
innoculation
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What happens to Yaws lesions in most patients?
They disappear
spontaneously
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What are common complications of Yaws lesions?
Secondary
bacterial infections and scarring
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What is the incubation period for Yaws?
2 weeks
to
6 months
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What symptoms are included in the prodromal period of Yaws?
Headache, weakness, chills, fever,
arthralgia
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How do primary lesions of Yaws progress?
From
papule
to
macule
to
papilloma
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How does Treponeme disseminate in the body?
Through
bloodstream
and
lymphatics
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What characterizes papillomatous lesions of Yaws?
Painless nodules with abundant
spirochaetes
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What occurs in the secondary stage of Yaws?
Macules
, papules, nodules, and
ulceration
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What is Framboesia in the context of Yaws?
No
pain
, then
falls
off
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What characterizes the tertiary stage of Yaws?
Gummatous
lesions
near bones and joints
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What deformities can develop in untreated Yaws patients?
Sabre shins
,
gangosa
, hyperkeratosis
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What laboratory tests are used for Yaws diagnosis?
Neotreponemal
tests like
RPR
and
VDRL
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What do confirmatory treponemal tests include?
TPHA
,
MHA-TP
,
FTA-ABS
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What can dark-field examination of early lesions reveal?
Positive results for
treponemes
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What histologic findings are typical of early Yaws?
Papillomatous
epidermal hyperplasia and
spongiosis
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How can Yaws be diagnosed?
Dark field microscopy
and
serological tests
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