Impacts of war

• What was the women's Social and Political Union (WSPU)?

  A breakaway group from the women's movement
• Why did the Suffragettes split from the main women's movement?

  They were frustrated with the slow progress
• What tactics did the Suffragettes use to campaign?

  Posters, demonstrations, heckling, chaining
• How did Suffragette tactics change by 1911?

  Tactics became more violent, including arson
• Who led the Suffragettes in Scotland?

  Flora Drummond
• In which cities did Flora Drummond campaign?

  Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dundee
• What violent actions did the Suffragettes take in Scotland?

  Attacks on public buildings and arson
• What was one argument in favor of the Suffragettes' actions?

  They gained valuable publicity for the cause
• What was one argument against the Suffragettes' actions?

  They proved women were too irresponsible to vote
• What happened to the Suffragettes' campaign at the outbreak of war?

  They ended their campaign for votes for women
• How did women's roles change during the war?

  Women replaced men in various jobs
• What was the impact of women's work during the war on attitudes towards them?

  Women were seen as more responsible and deserving
• What did the Representation of the People Act of 1918 allow?

  Women over 30 with property could vote
• Who was the first female MP elected?

  The first female MP was elected in 1919
• When were all men and women over 21 given the vote?

  In 1928
• What were the primary roles of women in society before the war?

  • Good wife and mother
  • Limited employment opportunities
  • Lower wages than men (up to 40% less)
  • Education focused on domestic skills
• What was the requirement for women to vote in local elections?

  Women had to pay rates
• What restrictions did women face regarding marriage and children?

  Women could not divorce and retain children
• What property rights did women have?

  Women could not keep their own property
• What educational requirements existed for boys and girls by 1914?

  • Both required to stay in school until age 14
  • Girls focused on domestic subjects
  • Boys had broader educational opportunities
• How did women try to change their position in society?

  • Formed suffrage societies in the 19th century
  • Campaigned for voting rights and equality
  • Engaged in protests and demonstrations
• What event radicalised many Scots during the Great War?

  The Great War
• What does radicalism mean in a political context?

  Taking direct action against perceived threats
• What is defined as radical action?

  Action taken to force change for improvement
• What was the impact of radicalisation on Scots during the Great War?

  Increased political awareness and direct action
• What significant event occurred in 1915 related to housing in Glasgow?

  The rent strikes
• Why did the demand for housing increase in Glasgow during the Great War?

  Due to the demand for war workers
• When did the first rent strike in Glasgow begin?

  May 1915
• How many tenants joined the rent strike in Glasgow?

  About 25,000 tenants
• What was the effect of the women's rent strikes on male factory workers?

  They inspired strikes for wage increases
• What was the government's response to the rent strikes?

  The Rent Restriction Act was enacted
• What did the Rent Restriction Act do?

  Frozen rent at 1914 levels without improvements
• What lesson did the strikers learn from their actions?

  Direct action could lead to positive results
• What event occurred in January 1916 related to strikes?

  Strikes over government plans to enforce dilution
• What was dilution in the context of the strikes?

  Unskilled workers doing skilled work
• What action did the government take against the Clyde Workers' Committee (CWC)?

  Ordered leaders to be arrested and deported
• How did the rent strikes affect the workers' perspective?

  They felt empowered by their success
• How did the government view the strikes?

  Concerned about disruption to wartime production
• How did newspapers portray the strikers?

  As greedy and selfish
• What was the political landscape in Scotland in 1914?

  The Liberal Party was the most powerful