industrial revolution

• What is the time period covered in Chapter 3 of Medicine Through Time?

  1700-1900
• What are the four key areas to know about in Chapter 3?

  1. Ideas about cause of disease & illness
  2. Approaches to treatment
  3. Approaches to prevention
  4. Case study: Cholera in London, 1854
• What theory was developed regarding the cause of disease during this period?

  Germ Theory
• Who discovered Germ Theory and microbes?

  Louis Pasteur
• What significant change occurred in the understanding of disease during this period?

  Scientific understanding of disease spread improved
• Who made significant changes to hospitals during this period?

  Florence Nightingale
• What surgical improvement did James Simpson contribute to?

  Development of anaesthetics
• What did Joseph Lister use to improve surgical infection control?

  Carbolic acid
• Who developed vaccinations to prevent smallpox?

  Edward Jenner
• What was the impact of the Public Health Act 1848?

  It was not compulsory, so had little impact
• What was the significance of the Public Health Act 1875?

  It was compulsory and had a greater effect
• What disease was prevalent in London after 1832?

  Cholera
• What did John Snow discover about cholera in 1854?

  It was spread through an infected water pump
• What was the government’s response to Snow's findings?

  Change was slow despite practical evidence
• What was the role of Joseph Bazalgette in public health?

  Designed new sewer systems after cholera
• What was the impact of the 'Great Stink' in 1858?

  It prompted the creation of new sewers
• What did Edwin Chadwick's report reveal?

  Poor public health conditions in towns
• What was the definition of inoculation?

  Deliberately infecting oneself with a disease
• What was a cesspit?

  A pit for storing sewage or waste
• What is a microbe?

  A living organism too small to see
• What were the continuities and changes in approaches to treatment during 1700-1900?

  Continuities:

  • Few hospitals remained after the 1530s
  • Home treatments and quack remedies persisted

  
  

  Changes:

  • Florence Nightingale improved hospital conditions
  • Introduction of anaesthetics and antiseptics
• What were the continuities and changes in approaches to prevention during 1700-1900?

  Continuities:

  • Inoculation was used before vaccination

  
  

  Changes:

  • Development of vaccinations by Edward Jenner
  • Compulsory Public Health Act 1875
• What were the key individuals and their contributions to medicine during this period?

  • Louis Pasteur: Created Germ Theory
  • Robert Koch: Isolated microbes causing diseases
  • Florence Nightingale: Improved hospital cleanliness
  • Edward Jenner: Developed smallpox vaccination
  • Edwin Chadwick: Investigated public health issues
  • John Snow: Discovered cholera transmission method
• What were the impacts of the cholera epidemic in London in 1854?

  • Highlighted the need for clean water
  • Led to the creation of new sewer systems
  • Increased awareness of public health issues
• What were the key takeaways from the revision tasks for Industrial Medicine?

  • Rapid change in smallpox prevention post-1798
  • Significant change in understanding disease causes (c1700-1900)
  • Rapid change in surgical treatments (c1700-c1900)
• What were the differences in hospital care between the 17th and 19th centuries?

  • 17th century: Few hospitals, home treatments
  • 19th century: Improved cleanliness, trained nurses
• How did ideas about the cause of disease differ between the 16th and 19th centuries?

  • 16th century: Miasma theory prevalent
  • 19th century: Germ Theory established
• What were the societal attitudes towards medical advancements during this period?

  • Initial reluctance to accept Germ Theory
  • Growing interest in scientific explanations for disease
• What is the time period for the discoveries listed?

  1798-1882
• Who came up with Germ Theory?

  Louis Pasteur
• In what year was Germ Theory proposed?

  1798
• Who developed the Smallpox Vaccination?

  Edward Jenner
• In what year was the Smallpox Vaccination developed?

  1847
• Who identified anthrax and cholera bacteria?

  Robert Koch
• Who is known for nursing improvements?

  Florence Nightingale
• In what year were anthrax and cholera bacteria identified?

  1864
• In what year did Florence Nightingale make nursing improvements?

  1860
• Who developed carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

  Joseph Lister
• In what year was carbolic acid developed as an antiseptic?

  1865
• Who found a link between cholera and water?

  John Snow