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Fatiha Sanusi
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Cards (50)
What type of disease is cholera?
Acute diarrhoeal disease
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How quickly can cholera kill if untreated?
Within
hours
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Who does cholera primarily affect?
People with inadequate access to
safe
water
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What factors increase the risk of cholera?
Conflict
,
urbanization
, and climate change
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In how many countries is cholera endemic?
More than
50
countries
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What percentage of infected individuals show no or mild symptoms?
Most
infected
individuals
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What is critical for preventing cholera transmission?
Safe
water and basic
sanitation
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What is the target of the global roadmap to 2030 for cholera control?
Reduce cholera deaths by
90%
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What type of vaccines are available for cholera?
Oral
cholera vaccines
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What is the causative organism of cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
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What shape is the Vibrio cholerae bacterium?
Comma-shaped
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What are the dimensions of Vibrio cholerae?
3
µm
by
0.5-0.8
µm
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Which serogroups of V. cholerae cause outbreaks?
O1
and
O139
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What is the significance of V. cholerae O139?
First identified in
Bangladesh
in
1992
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What is the difference in illness caused by serogroups O1 and O139?
No difference in illness
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What is necessary for epidemics to occur?
Vibrios
secreting
Cholera Toxin
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Who identified the bacterium Vibrio cholerae?
Filippo Pacini
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When did Robert Koch discover the cholera bacillus?
In
1884
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How many cholera pandemics have occurred since 1817?
Seven
cholera pandemics
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Where did cholera spread from during the 19th century?
Ganges delta
in
India
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When did the current (seventh) cholera pandemic start?
In
1961
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What was the geographical pattern of cholera cases in 2023?
32%
reduction in
Middle East
,
125%
increase in
Africa
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What is the estimated number of cholera cases each year?
9 million
cases
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What is a significant risk factor for cholera transmission?
Lack of access to
clean water
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What is the incubation period for cholera?
12 hours
to
5 days
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What are the symptoms of severe cholera?
Intense
diarrhoea
and
violent
vomiting
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What is the main cause of death in cholera patients?
Dehydration
and loss of
electrolytes
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What is the mainstay of cholera treatment?
Oral rehydration solution
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What should children under 5 receive during cholera treatment?
Zinc
for
10
days
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What is the role of antibiotics in severe cholera cases?
Reduce volume of
diarrhoea
and duration
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What is the aim of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control?
Reduce cholera deaths by
90%
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How many WHO pre-qualified oral cholera vaccines are there?
Three
vaccines
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What is the difference between Shanchol and Euvichol-Plus®?
Same
vaccine
formula
, different
manufacturers
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How many doses are required for full protection from cholera vaccines?
Two
doses
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What is the multifaceted approach to cholera control?
Improve
water
and
sanitation
Implement
disease surveillance
Enhance
case management
Use
vaccines
in high-risk areas
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What are the symptoms of cholera in humans?
Subclinical
:
asymptomatic
or minor forms
Moderate: frequent watery stools, dehydration
Severe
: intense diarrhoea, violent vomiting,
hypovolemic shock
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What are the key components of cholera treatment?
Oral rehydration solution
Intravenous fluids for
severe
cases
Antibiotics
to reduce diarrhoea volume
Zinc
for
children
under
5
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What are the main risk factors for cholera transmission?
Inadequate
access to clean water
Poor social and economic environments
Humanitarian crises disrupting
sanitation
Seasonal and environmental factors
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What are the historical milestones in cholera research?
Filippo Pacini
identified
Vibrio cholerae
Robert Koch
discovered cholera bacillus
Seven
cholera pandemics since
1817
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What is the epidemiological significance of cholera in 2023?
535,321
cases reported
4,007
deaths reported
Underreported cases estimated at
2.9 million
Discrepancies due to
surveillance
limitations
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