analysis of movement

• what are the three skeletal joints?

  • fixed e.g. cranium
  • cartilaginous e.g. vertebrae
  • synovial e.g. shoulder
• what 5 parts make up a synovial joint?

  • synovial cavity
  • synovial fluid
  • articular cartilage
  • ligaments
  • tendons
• what are the 5 types of synovial joints?

  • ball and socket
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • gliding
  • condyloid
• describe the structure of a ball and socket joint

  tri-axial, most mobile
• describe the structure of a hinge joint

  uni-axial, one plane
• describe the structure of a pivot joint

  uni-axial, one plane
• describe the structure of a gliding joint

  bones glide past eachother
• describe the strucutre of condyloid joints

  bi-axial, two planes
• what movement occurs at a ball and socket joint?

  flexion/extension

  abduction/adduction

  rotation, circumduction
• what movement occurs at a hinge joint?

  flexion/extension
• what movement occurs at a pivot joint?

  rotation
• what movement occurs at a condyloid joint?

  flexion/extension
• whats an example of a ball and socket joint?

  hip

  shoulder
• what is an example of a hinge joint?

  elbow

  knee
• what is an example of a pivot joint?

  neck - atlanto-axial
• what is an example of a gliding joint?

  carpals

  tarsals
• what is an example of a condyloid joint?

  wrist
• define flexion

  the angle of joint decreases
• define extension

  the angle of a joint increases
• define abduction

  the movement away from the midline of the body
• define adduction

  the movement towards the midline of the body
• define rotation

  movement around the longitudinal axis
• define circumduction

  combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduciton
• define pronation

  turning of the palm to face downwards or backwards
• define supination

  turning of the palm facing upwards or forwards
• define plantar flexion

  pointing of the toes
• define dorsi flexion

  bringing toes towards shin
• what do levers allow

  they allow us to create movement that is greater than the force applied
• what are the 2 main functions of levers

  • increase the load that a given effort can move
  • increase the speed at which the body moves
• what are the three components of a lever?

  • fulcrum (pivot)
  • effort (force, muscles)
  • load (resistance)
• FLE =

  123
• explain mechanical advantage

  occurs when the effort arm is longer than the resistance arm, lever can then move a large load over a short distance and requires little force, but it is difficult to generate speed and distance
• planes of motion:

  there are 3 imaginary anatomical planes that intersect at the body’s centre of gravity dividing the body into equal portions
• when movement is in one plane (planar) it means…

  no part of the body crosses from one side of the plane to the other during the movement
• what are the three planes?

  • sagittal
  • transverse
  • frontal
• what are the three axis?

  • transverse
  • longitudinal
  • frontal
• what axis goes with the sagittal plane?

  transverse axis
• what axis goes with the transverse plane?

  longitudinal axis
• what axis goes with the frontal plane?

  frontal axis
• what does the sagittal plane seperate?

  side to side