[2.3] Fastening Materials and Other Hardware

• HARDWARE


  Usually made of metals; used in assembling, beautifying, and as mechanical devices to facilitate movement.
• FASTENERS


  Materials for securely joining separate parts of an object or structure.
• TEMPORARY FASTENERS


  These are externally threaded to allow fastening in which the part to be assembled can easily be dismantled without any damage.
• BOLTS


  generally inserted through a hole and fastened by fitting a nut over the end of the bolt
• NUT


  has internal threads that mate with the external threads of the bolt
• SCREW


  requires no nut because it is anchored directly into the workpiece
• SEMI-PERMANENT FASTENERS


  fasteners that are driven into the material they hold
• CUT NAILS

  • sheared from steel plate and may be hardened
  • thick and because they displace more wood fiber, they have greater holding power than standard nails
  • often used to attach wood to concrete blocks, mortar joints, brick, or fresh concrete
• COMMON NAILS

  • most widely used nail in general construction and are the nail type used where building code requires certain framing construction
  • have a thick shank and are made from iron wire. In some applications
• BOX NAILS


  • wire nails similar to common nails except that they have thinner shanks and are not to be used for dimensional lumber framing construction
  • typically used on thinner wood material (like wood boxes) to reduce splitting
• DUPLEX NAILS


  • specialty nails useful for temporary construction, such as formwork when pouring concrete
• ANNULAR RING SHRANK NAILS


  • specialty wire nail that has rings on the shank providing better grip and additional resistance to pull-out of the lumber
• MASONRY OR CONCRETE NAILS


  • hardened wire nails often with longitudinal grooves along the length of the nail's shaft
  • thick and very strong
• FINISHING NAILS


  • has a small slightly rounded head just a tad bit bigger than the nail shank
• ROOFING NAILS


  • nails with a short shank and a wide flat head
  • can be used to fasten shingles, roofing felt, or sheet metal to wood
• RIVETS


  may be solid, tubular, or split and are available in different head styles
• HINGES


  A mechanical hardware that joins two solid materials and allows movement at a fixed axis of rotation. It is typically made of metal, comes in different shapes and sizes, and is usually fastened using screws or rivets. Some common types of hinges are strap, butt, T, cabinet or butterfly and hasp.
• WASHERS


  A flat metal with a hole in the center is used together with fastening materials usually with nuts and bolts. It prevents the bolts and nuts from completely penetrating the material. It also helps distribute the force exerted by the nut and bold onto the surface of the material. It increases the contact area of the fastener to the material which increases the friction and prevents the nuts and bolts from loosening.
• FLAT WASHER


  used to distribute the load
• FENDER WASHER


  An oversized flat washer that is used to further distribute load, especially on soft materials.
• FINISHING WASHER


  A washer used to obtain a “finished” look. Usually used with oval head screws.
• SPLIT LOOK WASHER


  The most common style of washer is used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out.
• EXTERNAL TOOTH LOCK WASHER


  A washer with external “teeth”. Used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out.
• INTERNAL TOOTH LOCK WASHER


  A washer with internal “teeth”. Used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out.
• SQUARE WASHER


  A square-shaped washer.
• DOCK WASHER


  have a larger outside diameter and are thicker than standard
• FLUSH PLATES


  Metal hardware that is used to join two solid materials, reinforces and restrain movement on the joint section. It is usually used to reinforce relatively weaker wood joints like lap joints and miter joints. It comes in various sizes and shapes (straight, tee, flush corner, and inside corner).