Nucleic acids

• What are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA?

  Nucleotides
• What are the components of a nucleotide?

  Pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
• How do nucleotides form polynucleotides?

  Through phosphodiester bonds via condensation
• What is the sugar-phosphate backbone made of?

  Phosphate group and sugar
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double helix of two polynucleotide strands
• What are the four possible bases in DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
• What type of bonds form between complementary bases in DNA?

  Hydrogen bonds
• How many hydrogen bonds are between Adenine and Thymine?

  Two hydrogen bonds
• How many hydrogen bonds are between Cytosine and Guanine?

  Three hydrogen bonds
• Who contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure?

  Crick, Watson, and Wilkins
• What is RNA's full name?

  Ribonucleic acid
• What is the primary function of RNA?

  Transfers genetic information from DNA
• What do ribosomes do with RNA?

  Read RNA to make polypeptides
• What is the structure of RNA?

  One polynucleotide strand
• What sugar is found in RNA?

  Ribose
• What base replaces thymine in RNA?

  Uracil
• How does uracil bond in RNA?

  Bonds to adenine
• What type of bond connects nucleotides in a polynucleotide?

  Phosphodiester bond
• What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

  They read RNA to synthesize proteins