States of matter

• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• What does particle theory help explain?

  How particles behave in different states
• How are particles in solids described in particle theory?

  As small solid inelastic spheres
• What holds particles in a solid together?

  Strong forces of attraction
• What structure do particles in solids form?

  A regular lattice structure
• Why do solids have a definite shape and volume?

  Particles are fixed in position
• What happens to particles in a solid when heated?

  They gain energy and vibrate more
• What is the temperature at which a solid melts called?

  Melting point
• What occurs at the melting point?

  Particles break free of their bonds
• How are particles arranged in liquids?

  Randomly, but fairly compact
• What allows liquids to flow and change shape?

  Weak forces of attraction between particles
• What happens to particles in a liquid when heated?

  They gain energy and move faster
• What is the temperature at which a liquid boils called?

  Boiling point
• What occurs at the boiling point?

  Particles break bonds and become gas
• How do gases behave in terms of shape and volume?

  They fill the container and have no definite shape
• What is meant by random motion of gas particles?

  Particles can travel in any direction
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They gain energy and travel faster
• What happens to a gas in an expandable container when heated?

  The gas expands
• What happens to a gas in a fixed container when heated?

  The pressure increases
• What occurs when a gas is cooled down sufficiently?

  It condenses into a liquid
• What happens to a liquid when cooled further?

  It freezes into a solid
• What is a limitation of the particle model?

  It doesn't accurately represent particle shapes
• What does the particle model fail to include?

  Details of forces between particles
• Why are models like particle theory useful?

  They simplify complex concepts for understanding
• What are the processes of changing states of matter?

  • Melting: Solid to liquid
  • Boiling: Liquid to gas
  • Condensing: Gas to liquid
  • Freezing: Liquid to solid
• What are the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases?

  Solids:

  • Fixed shape and volume
  • Strong forces of attraction
  • Regular lattice structure

  
  

  Liquids:

  • Definite volume, shape changes
  • Weak forces of attraction
  • Random arrangement

  
  

  Gases:

  • No definite shape or volume
  • Very weak forces of attraction
  • Random motion in any direction