EGYPT module 4

• What is the starting date of Egyptian civilization?

  3100 BC
• Who is considered the founder of the first dynasty in Egypt?

  Narmer/Menes
• What significant structure did Zoser build?

  The first stone pyramid at Saqqara
• What practice was associated with mummification in ancient Egypt?

  Placing the body in a canopic jar
• What was the main focus of the Third Dynasty in Egypt?

  Architecture
• Who was the first female pharaoh of Egypt?

  Hatshepsut
• What significant religious change occurred during the Fourth Dynasty?

  Practice of Monotheism
• What name did Amenhotep IV change to?

  Akenhaten
• Who was the pharaoh during the time of Moses?

  Rameses
• What significant event occurred in 332 BC in Egypt?

  Alexander the Great conquered Egypt
• What year marks the start of modernization in Egypt?

  1805
• Who was the pharaoh associated with the start of modernization in Egypt?

  Muhammad Ali
• What are the main periods of Egyptian literature?

  1. Old Kingdom (3,100 BC)
  2. 1st Intermediate Period (2,500 BC)
  3. Middle Kingdom (2,000 BC)
  4. New Kingdom (1,540 BC)
  5. Last Kingdom
• What material did ancient Egyptians use for writing during the Old Kingdom?

  Papyrus
• What is the Coffin Text associated with?

  Dialogue of a man with his Ba
• What type of literature was prominent in the Middle Kingdom?

  Hymns and songs for deity and king
• Who is Cleopatra known for in Egyptian history?

  Using her beauty to influence pharaohs
• What themes were explored in New Kingdom literature?

  Military, colonial, and heroism
• What does the Book of the Dead contain?

  Mortuary spells for the afterlife
• What is the Tale of Sinuhe about?

  A poor man who became rich
• What are the key features of Al-Azhar University?

  • Focus on Quranic sciences and modern fields
  • Open to all Muslim students
  • Aims to strengthen Islamic unity
  • Provides scholarships and higher studies
• When was Al-Azhar University founded?

  969 AD
• What was the original purpose of Al-Azhar mosque?

  To serve as a mosque and educational institute
• Who was the first chief justice at Al-Azhar?

  Abu El-Hassan Ali ibn Al-Nu'man El-Kairawany
• What significant role did Al-Azhar play during the Mamluks period?

  It sheltered scholars from Mughul attacks
• What was Al-Azhar's status during the Ottoman period?

  Financially independent and a leading center
• How did Bonaparte view Al-Azhar during his time in Egypt?

  As the most well-known university in the Islamic world
• What happened to Al-Azhar during the 1952 revolution?

  It was modernized and developed
• What are the contributions of Al-Azhar University to Egyptian society?

  • Produced scholars and experts in Islamic culture
  • Supported modernization and scientific progress
  • Fostered intellectual unity among Muslims
  • Played a role in national pride and identity