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gcse geography
paper 1
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Cards (307)
What defines a natural hazard?
A natural event with
social impact
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What are examples of tectonic hazards?
Volcanoes
,
tsunamis
,
earthquakes
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What happens if there are no people affected by an event?
It is not considered a
hazard
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What are examples of biological hazards?
Forest fires
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What can geomorphological hazards include?
Flooding
,
mudslides
,
rockslides
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How can a landslide be linked to other hazards?
A landslide can cause a tsunami
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What are atmospheric hazards?
Wind-related events like hurricanes
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Why do people live near hazardous areas?
They may believe defenses will protect them
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What human factors affect risk levels in hazardous areas?
Fertile land and housing costs
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How does human activity impact climate change?
Humans produce most
CO2
emissions
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What happens if a densely populated area is affected by a hazard?
More people will be affected
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What are the layers of the Earth mentioned?
Crust
,
mantle
,
core
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What is the mantle composed of?
Magma
and
molten rock
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What do convection currents in the mantle cause?
Movement of
tectonic plates
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What are the types of tectonic plate interactions?
Destructive
,
conservative
,
constructive
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What occurs at a destructive plate margin?
Continental plates
collide and form
mountains
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What is an example of a mountain formed by destructive plate margins?
The Himalayas
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What happens when an oceanic plate meets a continental plate?
The oceanic plate is
subducted
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What is formed when magma rises to the surface?
Volcanoes
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What is an example of a conservative plate margin?
The
San Andreas Fault
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What happens at a constructive plate margin?
Plates move away, forming
new rocks
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What is a rift valley?
A valley formed by separating plates
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What are primary effects of a natural hazard?
Immediate
impacts on people and buildings
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What are secondary effects of a natural hazard?
After effects
occurring over time
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What is a high-income country (HIC)?
GNI
over
$12,000
per person
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What is a low-income country (LIC)?
GNI
under
$12,000
per person
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What was the magnitude of the Chile earthquake?
8.8
on the
Richter Scale
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What were some primary effects of the Chile earthquake?
Severe damage to
airport
and port
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How many people were killed in the Chile earthquake?
500 people
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What was the estimated cost of the earthquake in Italy?
$11 billion
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What was a significant consequence of the earthquake in Italy?
15,000
buildings collapsed
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How many people were killed in the Italy earthquake?
300
people
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What secondary effects occurred after the Chile earthquake?
Tsunamis
, landslides, and fire
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What was a secondary effect of the earthquake in Italy?
Increase
in rent and house prices
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What was the long-term response in Chile?
Government
helped
rebuild homes
and
businesses
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What was the long-term response in Italy?
Reduced taxes
for affected individuals
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What was the magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?
7.9
on the
Richter Scale
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What were some primary effects of the Nepal earthquake?
9,000
people died and
1 million
homeless
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What secondary effects occurred after the Nepal earthquake?
Avalanche on
Everest
killed
19 people
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What was a long-term response to the Nepal earthquake?
Massive
rebuilding project initiated
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