Viruses- biology

• What is required for viruses to reproduce?

  Host cells
• What are the steps of the lytic pathway in viral reproduction?

  1. Virus attaches to host cell and injects genetic material
  2. Viral DNA replicates using host cell's proteins and enzymes
  3. New viruses are assembled
  4. Host cell splits, releasing viruses
• What is the first step in the lytic pathway?

  Virus attaches to host cell
• What happens to the host cell during the lytic pathway?

  It splits, releasing new viruses
• What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic pathways of viruses?

  • Lytic pathway:
  • Active viral reproduction
  • Host cell is destroyed
  • Lysogenic pathway:
  • Viral DNA integrates into host genome
  • No new viruses produced immediately
• What happens to viral DNA in the lysogenic pathway?

  It is incorporated into host cell genome
• When does viral DNA replicate in the lysogenic pathway?

  When the host cell divides
• What triggers the viral genetic material to leave the genome in the lysogenic pathway?

  A specific trigger causes activation
• What is the state of the virus in the lysogenic pathway before activation?

  The virus is inactive
• What is the role of the protein coat in a virus?

  It protects the genetic material
• What is the genetic material of a virus called?

  Viral DNA or RNA
• How do viruses dictate the behavior of host cells?

  By injecting their genetic material
• What is the outcome of the lytic pathway for the host cell?

  The host cell is destroyed
• What happens to the viral DNA during the lysogenic pathway when the host cell divides?

  It replicates with the host cell's DNA
• What is the significance of the lysogenic pathway for viruses?

  It allows viruses to remain dormant in host cells