FEATURES OF A SCIENCE
Cards (9)
- HOW TO REMEMBER THE FEATURES OF A SCIENCE?For the P
- FEATURES OF A SCIENCE?
- Falsifiability
- Objectivity
- Replication
- Theory construction
- Hypothesis testing
- Empirical methods
- Paradigms and Paradigm shifts
- FALSIFIABILITY?
- scientific hypothesis must be disprovable
- if falsifiable it can be accepted as a fact
- Popper
- can adapt and grow as more knowledge and resources become available
- very strict in definitions
- does not take into account that psychological investigations can be observational and descriptive
- OBJECTIVITY?
- research should be objective
- based on factual information
- not subjective (open to bias/ opinion/ interpretation or influenced by beliefs of researcher)
- REPLICATION?
- increases data reliability
- if repeated and same results obtained
- likelihood results are due to chance decreases
- more likely to be reliable
- THEORY CONSTRUCTION?
- constructed using Popper's Hypothetico-Deductive method
- make observation about behaviour
- create testable hypothesis
- conduct empirical research
- report if results support/ falsify theory
- adjust if necessary
- HYPOTHESIS TESTING?
- hypothesis is a testable statement
- always includes an experimental and a null hypothesis
- uses formal procedures to decide if can be accepted or rejected
- results from empirical research undergo statistical testing to measure significance
- allowing to reject or accept null hypothesis
- EMPIRICAL METHODS?
- all evidence must be empirical
- based on verifiable evidence collected under scientific conditions
- only produced by experiments and controlled observations
- PARADIGMS AND PARADIGM SHIFTS?
- PARADIGM: framework containing all commonly accepted views about a subject
- historical sciences have single paradigm
- psychology is multi-science paradigm (many approaches within it)
- paradigm shift occurs when established paradigm challenged to extent that a different one takes its place