Development gap

• What is life expectancy?

  Average years expected to live in a country
• Why is life expectancy a good indicator?

  It reflects the general level of health
• What does the adult literacy rate measure?

  Percentage of adults who can read or write
• Why is the adult literacy rate sometimes reported separately for men and women?

  To highlight gender disparities in education access
• What is gross national income (GNI)?

  Total value of goods and services in a country
• How is GNI often expressed?

  As per capita, or per head
• What does the infant mortality rate indicate?

  Proportion of babies not reaching their first birthday
• Why is the infant mortality rate a good development indicator?

  It provides information about maternal health care
• What is the human development index (HDI)?

  A composite figure measuring development
• What three aspects does the HDI take into account?

  Wealth, education, and health
• What defines a low-income country?

  GNI per capita of $1,035 or less
• What defines a middle-income country?

  GNI per capita between $1,036 and $12,535
• What defines a newly emerging economy?

  GNI per capita of $12,536 or more
• What is an economic indicator?

  Data related to money, like GNI
• What is a social indicator?

  Data related to people, like literacy rate
• What is the infant mortality rate in the UK?

  4 per 1,000 live births
• How does the infant mortality rate in the USA compare to the UK?

  It is higher at 6 per 1,000 live births
• What is the infant mortality rate in Cuba compared to the USA?

  It is lower than the USA's rate
• What is the infant mortality rate in Brazil compared to Cuba?

  It is higher at 12 per 1,000 live births
• What is the infant mortality rate in Nigeria compared to Brazil?

  It is significantly higher at 74 per 1,000 live births
• What are some historical reasons for uneven development?

  Colonialism, conflict, and political instability
• How does colonialism affect development?

  It leaves countries struggling post-independence
• What are physical reasons for uneven development?

  Landlocked countries, lack of resources, hazards
• Why are landlocked countries at a disadvantage?

  They struggle with trade and transportation
• What are economic reasons for uneven development?

  Poverty and unfair world trade systems
• What does NGO stand for?

  Non-governmental organization
• What is the role of NGOs?

  They rely on donations for development aid
• What is intermediate technology?

  Appropriate technology for local needs
• Why is appropriate technology important?

  It is sustainable and maintainable by locals
• What are microfinance loans?

  Small loans for starting businesses
• What does debt relief usually mean?

  Writing off a portion of a country's debt
• Why is debt relief important for development?

  It helps reduce the development gap
• What are the key development indicators?

  • Life expectancy
  • Adult literacy rate
  • Gross national income (GNI)
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Human development index (HDI)
• What are the categories of development indicators?

  • Social indicators: e.g., infant mortality rate, literacy rate
  • Economic indicators: e.g., GNI, GDP per capita
• What are the reasons for uneven development?

  • Historical reasons: colonialism, conflict, political instability
  • Physical reasons: landlocked countries, lack of resources, climatic hazards
  • Economic reasons: poverty, unfair world trade systems
• What is the significance of NGOs in development?

  • Provide aid and support
  • Rely on donations
  • Focus on sustainable development
• What is the role of appropriate technology in development?

  • Sustainable and maintainable by locals
  • Small-scale and cost-effective
  • Supports local development projects
• What is the impact of debt relief on developing countries?

  • Reduces debt burden
  • Helps improve economic conditions
  • Aids in closing the development gap
• What are small loans given to people who usually can't get credit called?

  Microloans
• How can microloans be used by borrowers?

  To set up or invest in businesses