Development

• What is development in the context of a country?

  Improvement in the quality of life for citizens
• What are the different approaches to development?

  • Economic: progress in economic growth
  • Social: improvements in standard of living
  • Political: stable political systems and institutions
• What does GDP stand for?

  Gross Domestic Product
• What does GDP measure?

  Total value of goods and services produced
• How is GDP often expressed?

  In US dollars
• What is GDP per head also known as?

  GDP per capita
• What does GNI stand for?

  Gross National Income
• What does GNI measure?

  Total value of goods and services produced, including income
• What does the birth rate measure?

  Live babies born per thousand of the population
• What does a lower birth rate indicate?

  Improved women's rights
• What does the death rate measure?

  Deaths per thousand of the population per year
• What does a lower death rate indicate?

  Better health conditions
• What does the infant mortality rate measure?

  Babies who die under 1 year old per thousand born
• What does a lower infant mortality rate indicate?

  Improved healthcare for mothers and infants
• What does the measure of doctors per 1000 of the population indicate?

  Number of working doctors per thousand people
• What does a higher number of doctors per 1000 indicate?

  Better healthcare access
• What does the literacy rate measure?

  Percentage of adults who can read and write
• What does a higher literacy rate indicate?

  Better education access
• What does access to safe water measure?

  Percentage of people with clean drinking water
• What does a higher access to safe water indicate?

  Improved health conditions
• What does life expectancy measure?

  Average age a person can expect to live
• What does a higher life expectancy indicate?

  Better health and living conditions
• What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

  Life expectancy, education level, and income
• What is the range of HDI values?

  Between 0 (least developed) and 1 (most developed)
• What does a higher CPI score indicate?

  Less perceived corruption
• What does the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) measure?

  Level of corruption in the public sector
• Why can single indicators be misleading?

  Some aspects develop before others
• What is a composite indicator of development?

  Uses more than one measure for assessment
• What are Higher Income Countries (HICs)?

  Wealthiest countries with high GNI per head
• What is an example of a LIC?

  Afghanistan
• What is an example of a HIC?

  UK
• What are Lower Income Countries (LICs)?


  Poorest countries with low GNI per head
• What are Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)?

  Countries rapidly getting richer
• What is an example of a NEE?

  China
• Why can GNI per head be misleading?

  It hides regional and class variations
• What does human development measure?

  Based on birth rates, death rates, and HDI
• What is the HDI score for Chad?

  0.392
• What is the fertility rate for the UK?

  1. 9
• What is the birth rate for India?

  19.3
• What is the death rate for the UK?

  1. 4