genetic engineering

• What is genetic engineering?


  The process of modifying an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits.
• What are the uses of genetic engineering?


  1. Agriculture: Creating crops resistant to pests, diseases, or drought.
  2. Medicine: Producing insulin and gene therapy to treat diseases.
  3. Industry: Engineering bacteria to produce biofuels or clean up pollutants.
  4. Animal breeding: Creating livestock with improved traits for production.
• Give 2 examples of vectors used in genetic engineering.


  1. Plasmids: Small circular DNA used to transfer genes into cells.
  2. Viruses: Used to deliver genes into target cells due to their natural ability to infect cells.
• Give 2 ways in which genetic engineering is useful in agriculture.


  • Pest Resistance: Creating crops that resist insects and diseases without the need for chemical pesticides.
  • Drought Tolerance: Developing crops that can grow in dry conditions, ensuring food supply during droughts.
• Name 2 examples of vectors used in genetic engineering.


  • Plasmids.
  • Viruses.
• List 2 ways genetic engineering is used in agriculture


  1. Creating pest-resistant crops.
  2. Developing drought-tolerant crops.
• List 2 ways genetic engineering is used in medicine.


  • Producing insulin to treat diabetes.
  • Gene therapy to treat genetic disorders.
• What are 2 risks or ethical concerns of genetic engineering?


  1. Unintended effects on ecosystems or human health.
  2. Reduced genetic diversity in populations.
• What are 2 advantages of genetic engineering?


  1. Faster development of crops with higher yields or disease resistance.
  2. Production of life-saving medicines like insulin.
• What is a vector in genetic engineering?


  A carrier (like a plasmid or virus) used to transfer the desired gene into a target organism's cells.