blood 2

• What are the major white cell components of blood?

  Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

  
• Where do white blood cells develop?

  In the bone marrow
• What organs are important for white blood cell development?

  Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen

  
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  To defend against microorganisms
• What staining method is used to identify mature white blood cells?

  Romanowsky staining
• What is the scientific value of the CD system of classification?

  It helps identify and isolate leukocytes

  
• How do different white blood cells work together?

  To defend against viruses and bacteria
• What are granulocytes?

  White blood cells with granules in cytoplasm
• How are granulocytes identified?

  By size, nucleus shape, and granule color
• What is the diameter range of neutrophils?

  12–15 μm
• What is the appearance of neutrophil granules?

  Fine and acidophilic

  
• What is the structure of a neutrophil nucleus?

  Divided into 2-5 distinct lobes
• What role do neutrophils play in inflammation?

  They attack and destroy pathogenic microbes
• What is neutrophilia?

  Increased neutrophil count during infection
• What can cause increased neutrophil numbers besides infection?

  Cancer and autoimmune diseases
• What is the diameter range of eosinophils?

  12–17 μm
• What is the typical structure of an eosinophil nucleus?

  Usually bi-lobed, sometimes tri-lobed
• What are the main roles of eosinophils?

  Mediators of allergic reactions and defense against parasites
• What is the diameter range of basophils?

  10–14 μm
• What is the function of basophils?

  Active in hypersensitivity responses
• What do basophils release during allergic responses?

  Histamine and heparin
• What is the role of myeloperoxidase in neutrophils?

  It catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid
• What does lactoferrin do?

  Sequesters iron to deny bacteria growth
• What are the two main types of agranulocytes?

  Lymphocytes and monocytes
• How are lymphocytes characterized?

  By their absence of granules
• What is the diameter range of peripheral blood lymphocytes?

  10 to 16 μm
• How can different types of lymphocytes be distinguished?

  Using immunofluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis

  
• What is the purpose of the CD system of classification?

  To allow sub-classification of white cells
• What is flow cytometry used for?

  To count and analyze cells' shape and size
• What is the Fc receptor?

  A protein on certain immune cells' surfaces
• What is the role of Fc receptors in the immune system?

  They stimulate phagocytic or cytotoxic cells
• What happens when Fc receptors bind to antibodies?

  They stimulate destruction of microbes or infected cells
• What are the functions of the granules in granulocytes?

  They perform various immune functions
• What is the role of the major basic protein in eosinophils?

  Disrupts helminth membranes and is toxic to bacteria
• What do neutrophils do during inflammation?

  They mediate inflammation and destroy pathogens
• What do eosinophils contain that aids in their function?

  Granules with major basic protein and peroxidase
• What do basophils release during allergic reactions?

  Histamine and heparin
• What is an Fc receptor?

  A protein on certain cell surfaces
• Which cells have Fc receptors?

  B lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages
• What role do Fc receptors play in the immune system?

  They contribute to protective immune functions