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higher biology
unit 3
Crop protection
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Anna Milne
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Cards (24)
What do weeds compete with in agriculture?
Crop
plants
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How do pests and diseases affect crop productivity?
They
damage
crop
plants
,
reducing
productivity
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What are the properties of annual weeds?
Rapid
growth
Short
life
cycle
High
seed
output
Long-term
seed
viability
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What are the properties of perennial weeds with competitive adaptations?
Storage
organs
Vegetative
reproduction
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What type of animals are most pests of crop plants?
Invertebrate
animals
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What organisms can cause plant diseases?
Fungi
,
bacteria
, or
viruses
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How are plant diseases often spread?
By
invertebrates
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What are cultural methods for controlling weeds, pests, and diseases?
Ploughing
Weeding
Crop rotation
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What are the advantages of pesticides?
They can be
selective
or
systemic
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What is the purpose of herbicides?
To
kill
weeds
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What do fungicides control?
Fungal
diseases
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What do insecticides target?
Insect
pests
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What do molluscicides kill?
Mollusc
pests
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What do nematicides target?
Nematode
pests
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What is a selective herbicide?
mimic
plant
growth
hormones
.
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How does a systemic herbicide work?
It
spreads
through
the
plant's
vascular
system
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What is the effect of systemic insecticides?
They
kill
pests
feeding
on
plants
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What are the problems associated with pesticides?
Toxicity
to
non-target species
and
persistence
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What is bioaccumulation?
Build-up
of a
chemical
in an
organism
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What is biomagnification?
Increase
in
chemical
concentration
between
trophic levels
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What is biological control?
Use of
natural predators
Use of
parasites
Use of
pathogens
of the
pest
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What is integrated pest management?
Combination of
chemical
,
biological
, and
cultural
control
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What is a risk associated with biological control?
Control
organism
may become
invasive
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How can biological control affect other species?
It may parasitise or prey on
them
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