sampling techniques

• what is the study of species abundance and distribution called


  biogeography
• when placing a quadrat on a coordinate how should it be placed


  the bottom left corner should be placed on the co-ordinate
• in an area where abiotic factors are uniform What sampling technique could be used


  a quadrat
• explain how quadrats works


  set up a 10 by 10 grid and use random numbers to generate coordinates to determine where to place the quadrat then count the amount of species in the quadrat and repeat 10 times to calculate a mean of each species
• what is meant by density in ecology


  this is the number of individuals of a given species that are in a specific area
• what type of graph would be used to show density within a sample


  a bar graph
• if it is hard to determine the density of a sampling unit what should you do


  you should count how many of each species in 10 quadrants and calculate a mean
• what would you do if you wanted to sample the change in species over time in a specific area


  you would set a quadrat in one place and return to it periodically
• what is a transect


  It is a line that helps to found out how many organisms are distributed across an area
• what are the two types of transect


  line and belt
• what is the use of a line transect


  this will be used to describe the difference in plants as you enter a wood by simply recording the species touching the transect at each point
• what is it used for a belt transect


  this is when a quadrat is placed at regular intervals along the transect
• what can a quadrat placed on a belt transect be used for

  they can be used to estimate the density of population cover of plant species in each quadrat
• what is the first step when setting up a transect


  run a 20m tape measure along the area to sample
• what do you when setting up a transect after the tape measures in place- line transect


  identify the species touching the transect every half metre
• what do you do when setting up a transept after the tape measure is in place-belt transect


  place a quadrat every half metre along the transect and calculate percentage cover
• what is the final step when using either a belt or a line transect


  repeat multiple times then calculate the mean
• what is a kite diagram


  this is a diagram that is drew when looking at percentage cover
• what two type of factors affect the distribution of a species


  abiotic and biotic factors
• list examples of abiotic factors


  light intensity , amount of water, nutrients and temperature
• list examples of biotic factors


  competition predators and disease