bio i dont get

• monosacharide formula


  (CH2NO)n
• disaccharide

  sucrose =

  lactose =

  maltose = 


  glucose + fractose

  glucose + galactose

  alpha glucose + alpha glucose
• protein structure

  primary

  secondary

  teriarty

  quaternary

  order of amino acids in pp chain

  3D shape twisted alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

  folds stabilised by bonds (glob or fib)

  combine with other pp chains
• lipid

  reaction types and bonds form


  condensation and ester
• monosat =

  polysat = 


  1 double bond

  2+ double bond
• whys water polar

  O more electronegative than H
• relate glycogen structure to functuon


  hughly branched for hydrolysis of glucose moleucules
• test for reducimng sugar and diff for non reducing


  benedicts for positive blue to brick red

  non reducing must be hydrolised by boiling hydrochloiric acid first
• protien test

  buiret positive is blue to purple
• starch test


  iodine positive if orange to black
• descrbe virus sturcutre

  enzyme for replication

  dna strand

  capsomere protien coat

  viral envelope

  viral glycoprotiens
• striated muscle

  describe


  long thin lines

  connects skeleton'

  voluntary
• smooth muscle

  describe

  thick snd thin stripes not arranges

  moves substances in organs

  involuntary
• cuboidal epithilium


  for metalic processes in kidney tubules, microvilli at siteds of high absorption, mitochondria for atp for activr transport, transport vesicles
• ciliated epithilium


  move contents of tube one direction only

  respiratory tact

  mitochondria for atp for movement
• chloroplast

  describe structure

  1 = thykaloid

  1 long one = stroma lamallae

  1 sttack = granum
• what does mesosome, pili and capsule do


  absorb nutrients and contain enzymes, attatches bacteria to surface, retain moisture and adhere to surface
• 2 types of endocytosis


  phago - solids enter

  pino - liquids enter
• diffusion 


  high to low
• osmosis


  high to low
• active transport


  low to high
• affect memb permability?

  temp and organic solvents
• pyrimidines and purines

  difference?

  pyr - single ring structure

  Cytoside Uracil Thymine

  pu - double ring structure

  Guanine Adenine
• Atp role


  universal energy currency
• complimentary base pairs hydrogen bonds

  A+T = 2

  G+C= 3
• exon vs intron

  ex- coding region

  in - non coding region
• mitosis produce dip/haploid cells

  diploid - 2 complete sets of chromosones