specialised cells

• What are specialized cells?

  Cells that perform particular jobs
• How does cell specialization relate to structure and function?

  Structure is adapted for specific functions
• What are the adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells for photosynthesis?

  • Contain many chloroplasts
  • Large vacuole for chloroplast positioning
  • Thin cell walls for diffusion
• What is the main function of palisade mesophyll cells?

  Photosynthesis
• How do root hair cells adapt to collect water and nutrients?

  • Long projections increase surface area
  • Located underground in soil
  • Lack chloroplasts, appear white
• What is the job of root hair cells?

  Collect water and mineral nutrients
• What genetic information do egg cells carry?

  Genetic information from the female
• What is the role of the zona pellucida in egg cells?


  Prevents multiple sperm from entering
• What does a sperm cell carry?

  Genetic information from the male
• What adaptations do sperm cells have for swimming to the egg?

  • Tail (undulipodium) for swimming
  • Mitochondria for energy production
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  Protect the body against diseases
• How do white blood cells combat pathogens?

  • Change shape to squeeze through gaps
  • Engulf and digest invaders
  • Produce anti-toxins and antibodies
• What do red blood cells carry in the bloodstream?

  Oxygen
• What is hemoglobin's role in red blood cells?

  Binds oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
• How are red blood cells designed for their function?

  • Biconcave disc shape for large surface area
  • Small and flexible to pass through capillaries
• What is the appearance of red blood cells when oxygen binds to hemoglobin?

  Bright red
• Why do red blood cells need to be flexible?

  To squeeze through tiny blood vessels
• What is the main function of palisade mesophyll cells?

  PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What type of cells are specialized for absorbing water and minerals?

  Root Hair Cells